Vassal of Eastern Jin, Han Zhao, Later Zhao, Former Qin
Capital
Guzang
Government
Monarchy
Duke/Prince
• 301–314
Zhang Gui
• 314–320
Zhang Shi
• 320–324
Zhang Mao
• 324–346
Zhang Jun
• 346–353
Zhang Chonghua
• 353
Zhang Yaoling
• 353–355
Zhang Zuo
• 355–363
Zhang Xuanjing
• 363–376
Zhang Tianxi
History
• Zhang Gui's appointment as Inspector of Liang Province
301
• Zhang Shi's retention of Emperor Min's reign era
318
• Zhang Mao's acceptance of Prince of Liang title
323
• Zhang Jun's proclamation as Acting Prince of Liang
345
• Zhang Zuo's formal rejection of Eastern Jin suzerainty
354
• Zhang Xuanjing's formal acceptance of Eastern Jin suzerainty
361
• Disestablished
26 September[1][2] 376
• Zhang Tianxi's death
406
Currency
Chinese coin, Chinese cash (Wu Zhu)
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Eastern Jin
Former Qin
Today part of
China Kyrgyzstan Mongolia
The Former Liang (Chinese: 前涼; pinyin: Qián Liáng; 301[a]–376) was a dynastic state, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms, in Chinese history. It was founded by the Zhang family of the Han ethnicity. Its territories included present-day Gansu and parts of Ningxia, Shaanxi, Qinghai and Xinjiang.
All rulers of the Former Liang remained largely titularly under the court of the Eastern Jin dynasty as the Duke of Xiping except Zhang Zuo who proclaimed himself emperor (or king). However, at times the other Former Liang rulers also used the king title when imposed on them when they were forced to submit to their powerful neighbour states—initially the Former Zhao, then the Later Zhao, and finally the Former Qin. As the early rulers did not explicitly declare their independence, the official year of Former Liang's establishment is up to interpretation, but no earlier than 301, the year when Zhang Gui was appointed Inspector of Liang province. Historiographers refer to the state as the Former Liang to distinguish it from the Di-led Later Liang, founded in 386, along with the other Liang states of the Sixteen Kingdoms, Southern Liang, Northern Liang and Western Liang.
^"中央研究院網站".
^Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 104.
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The FormerLiang (Chinese: 前涼; pinyin: Qián Liáng; 301–376) was a dynastic state, one of the Sixteen Kingdoms, in Chinese history. It was founded by the...
during this period. Even among the states founded by ethnic Han (FormerLiang, Western Liang, Ran Wei and Northern Yan), several founders had close relations...
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later they proclaimed allegiance to Jin again. In 376, Former Qin conquered FormerLiang. Former Yan was a Xianbei kingdom founded by Murong Huang in 337...
Former Liang (r. 320–324 CE) Jianxing 建興 320–324 CE 5 years Adopted the era name of the Emperor Min of Jin. Or Yongyuan (永元). Prince Wen of FormerLiang (r...
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Tian Liang (Chinese: 田亮; pinyin: Tián Liàng; born August 27, 1979) is a Chinese actor and former diver. Tian won gold in the 10 m platform event in the...
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