This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: "Flux qubit" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(October 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
In quantum computing, more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, flux qubits (also known as persistent current qubits) are micrometer sized loops of superconducting metal that is interrupted by a number of Josephson junctions. These devices function as quantum bits. The flux qubit was first proposed by Terry P. Orlando et al. at MIT in 1999 and fabricated shortly thereafter.[1] During fabrication, the Josephson junction parameters are engineered so that a persistent current will flow continuously when an external magnetic flux is applied. Only an integer number of flux quanta are allowed to penetrate the superconducting ring, resulting in clockwise or counter-clockwise mesoscopic supercurrents (typically 300 nA[2]) in the loop to compensate (screen or enhance) a non-integer external flux bias. When the applied flux through the loop area is close to a half integer number of flux quanta, the two lowest energy eigenstates of the loop will be a quantum superposition of the clockwise and counter-clockwise currents. The two lowest energy eigenstates differ only by the relative quantum phase between the composing current-direction states. Higher energy eigenstates correspond to much larger (macroscopic) persistent currents, that induce an additional flux quantum to the qubit loop, thus are well separated energetically from the lowest two eigenstates. This separation, known as the "qubit non linearity" criteria, allows operations with the two lowest eigenstates only, effectively creating a two level system. Usually, the two lowest eigenstates will serve as the computational basis for the logical qubit.
Computational operations are performed by pulsing the qubit with microwave frequency radiation which has an energy comparable to that of the gap between the energy of the two basis states, similar to RF-SQUID. Properly selected pulse duration and strength can put the qubit into a quantum superposition of the two basis states while subsequent pulses can manipulate the probability weighting that the qubit will be measured in either of the two basis states, thus performing a computational operation.
^Orlando, T. P.; Mooij, J. E.; Tian, Lin; Van Der Wal, Caspar H.; Levitov, L. S.; Lloyd, Seth; Mazo, J. J. (1999). "Superconducting persistent-current qubit". Physical Review B. 60 (22): 15398–15413. arXiv:cond-mat/9908283. Bibcode:1999PhRvB..6015398O. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.60.15398. S2CID 16093985.
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
specifically in superconducting quantum computing, fluxqubits (also known as persistent current qubits) are micrometer sized loops of superconducting metal...
electronic circuits using superconducting qubits as artificial atoms, or quantum dots. For superconducting qubits, the two logic states are the ground state...
In quantum computing, a qubit (/ˈkjuːbɪt/) or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information—the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically...
operate as a quantum bit, or qubit. The phase qubit is closely related, yet distinct from, the fluxqubit and the charge qubit, which are also quantum bits...
In quantum computing, a charge qubit (also known as Cooper-pair box) is a qubit whose basis states are charge states (i.e. states which represent the presence...
superconducting quantum computing, a transmon is a type of superconducting charge qubit designed to have reduced sensitivity to charge noise. The transmon was developed...
In quantum computing, a qubit is a unit of information analogous to a bit (binary digit) in classical computing, but it is affected by quantum mechanical...
in quantum computing is the qubit, similar to the bit in traditional digital electronics. Unlike a classical bit, a qubit can exist in a superposition...
worked with Irinel Chiorescu, Kees Harmans, and Mooij to create the first fluxqubit. In 2003, he was named one of MIT Technology Review's top innovators under...
Clifford group, a set of mathematical transformations which normalize the n-qubit Pauli group, i.e., map tensor products of Pauli matrices to tensor products...
Chetan Nayak proposed a quantum Hall device that would realize a topological qubit. In 2005 Vladimir J. Goldman, Fernando E. Camino, and Wei Zhou claimed to...
outermost electron of each ion acts as a tiny quantum magnet and is used as a qubit, the quantum equivalent of a “1” or a “0” in a conventional computer. In...
then encodes these two strings as a tensor product of n {\displaystyle n} qubits: | ψ ⟩ = ⨂ i = 1 n | ψ a i b i ⟩ , {\displaystyle |\psi \rangle =\bigotimes...
quantum gate) is a basic quantum circuit operating on a small number of qubits. Quantum logic gates are the building blocks of quantum circuits, like classical...
states. The qutrit is analogous to the classical radix-3 trit, just as the qubit, a quantum system described by a superposition of two orthogonal states...
of sequence of 1 qubit rotational gates and 2 qubit entangling gates. The number of repetitions of 1-qubit rotational gates and 2-qubit entangling gates...
surface code would require approximately 1,000-10,000 physical qubits per logical data qubit, though more pathological error types could change this figure...
0.66. Three qubits are required for this process: the source qubit from the sender, the ancillary qubit, and the receiver's target qubit, which is maximally...
\rangle )} The measurement gate on the first qubit ensures that it's 0 with a probability of P ( First qubit = 0 ) = 1 2 ( ⟨ ϕ | ⟨ ψ | + ⟨ ψ | ⟨ ϕ | ) 1...
demonstrate a 48 logical qubit processor. To perform computation, the atoms are first trapped in a magneto-optical trap. Qubits are then encoded in the...
to simulate classically. A variety of qubit magic state distillation routines and distillation routines for qubits with various advantages have been proposed...
{\displaystyle U} be a unitary operator acting on an m {\displaystyle m} -qubit register. Unitarity implies that all the eigenvalues of U {\displaystyle...
classical information. An example of quantum information is the state of a qubit. An example of classical information is a text document transmitted over...
processing, the unit of light in a given mode—or photon—is used to represent a qubit. Superpositions of quantum states can be easily represented, encrypted,...