BB84[1][2] is a quantum key distribution scheme developed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. It is the first quantum cryptography protocol.[3] The protocol is provably secure assuming a perfect implementation, relying on two conditions: (1) the quantum property that information gain is only possible at the expense of disturbing the signal if the two states one is trying to distinguish are not orthogonal (see no-cloning theorem); and (2) the existence of an authenticated public classical channel.[4] It is usually explained as a method of securely communicating a private key from one party to another for use in one-time pad encryption.[5]
The proof of BB84 depends on a perfect implementation. Side channel attacks exist, taking advantage of non-quantum sources of information. Since this information is non-quantum, it can be intercepted without measuring or cloning quantum particles.[6]
^C. H. Bennett and G. Brassard. "Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing". In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing, volume 175, page 8. New York, 1984. http://researcher.watson.ibm.com/researcher/files/us-bennetc/BB84highest.pdf Archived 2020-01-30 at the Wayback Machine
^Bennett, Charles H.; Brassard, Gilles (2014-12-04). "Quantum cryptography: Public key distribution and coin tossing". Theoretical Computer Science. Theoretical Aspects of Quantum Cryptography – celebrating 30 years of BB84. 560, Part 1: 7–11. arXiv:2003.06557. doi:10.1016/j.tcs.2014.05.025.
^Branciard, Cyril; Gisin, Nicolas; Kraus, Barbara; Scarani, Valerio (2005). "Security of two quantum cryptography protocols using the same four qubit states". Physical Review A. 72 (3): 032301. arXiv:quant-ph/0505035. Bibcode:2005PhRvA..72c2301B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.72.032301. S2CID 53653084.
^Quantum Computing and Quantum Information, Michael Nielsen and Isaac Chuang, Cambridge University Press 2000
^Dixon, A. R., Dynes, J. F., Lucamarini, M., Fröhlich, B., Sharpe, A. W., Plews, A., Tam, W., Yuan, Z. L., Tanizawa, Y., Sato, H., Kawamura, S., Fujiwara, M., Sasaki, M., & Shields, A. J. (2017). Quantum key distribution with hacking countermeasures and long term field trial. Scientific Reports, 7, 1978.
BB84 is a quantum key distribution scheme developed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. It is the first quantum cryptography protocol. The...
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basis. An example of usage of an alternative measurement basis is in the BB84 cipher. If two quantum states (i.e. qubits, or registers) are entangled (meaning...
resistant to eavesdropping. Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, such as BB84, enable the secure exchange of cryptographic keys between parties, ensuring...
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