Flock House virus (FHV) is in the Alphanodavirus genus of the Nodaviridae family of viruses. Flock House virus was isolated from a grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) at the Flock House research station in Bulls, New Zealand. FHV is an extensively studied virus and is considered a model system for the study of other non-enveloped RNA viruses owing to its small size and genetic tractability, particularly to study the role of the transiently exposed hydrophobic gamma peptide and the metastability of the viral capsid.[1][2] FHV can be engineered in insect cell culture allowing for the tailored production of native or mutant authentic virions or virus-like-particles. FHV is a platform for nanotechnology and nanomedicine, for example, for epitope display and vaccine development.[3] Viral entry into host cells occurs via receptor-mediated endocytosis.[4] Receptor binding initiates a sequence of events during which the virus exploits the host environment in order to deliver the viral cargo in to the host cytosol. Receptor binding prompts the meta-stability of the capsid–proteins, the coordinated rearrangements of which are crucial for subsequent steps in the infection pathway. In addition, the transient exposure of a covalently-independent hydrophobic γ-peptide is responsible for breaching cellular membranes and is thus essential for the viral entry of FHV into host cells.[5]
^Odegard, A; Banerjee, M; Johnson, JE (2010). Flock house virus: a model system for understanding non-enveloped virus entry and membrane penetration. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 343. pp. 1–22. doi:10.1007/82_2010_35. ISBN 978-3-642-13331-2. PMID 20407886.
^Banerjee, M; Johnson, JE (February 2008). "Activation, exposure and penetration of virally encoded, membrane-active polypeptides during non-enveloped virus entry". Current Protein & Peptide Science. 9 (1): 16–27. doi:10.2174/138920308783565732. PMID 18336320.
^Destito, G; Schneemann, A; Manchester, M (2009). "Biomedical Nanotechnology Using Virus-Based Nanoparticles". Viruses and Nanotechnology. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Vol. 327. pp. 95–122. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-69379-6_5. ISBN 978-3-540-69376-5. PMID 19198572.
^Odegard, AL; Kwan, MH; Walukiewicz, HE; Banerjee, M; Schneemann, A; Johnson, JE (September 2009). "Low endocytic pH and capsid protein autocleavage are critical components of Flock House virus cell entry". Journal of Virology. 83 (17): 8628–37. doi:10.1128/JVI.00873-09. PMC 2738175. PMID 19553341.
^Schneemann, A; Zhong, W; Gallagher, T. M; Rueckert, R. R (1992). "Maturation cleavage required for infectivity of a nodavirus". Journal of Virology. 66 (11): 6728–34. doi:10.1128/JVI.66.11.6728-6734.1992. PMC 240169. PMID 1404613.
FlockHousevirus (FHV) is in the Alphanodavirus genus of the Nodaviridae family of viruses. FlockHousevirus was isolated from a grass grub (Costelytra...
Nodavirus endopeptidase (EC 3.4.23.44, Black Beetle virus endopeptidase, FlockHousevirus endopeptidase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following...
Nodamura in 1956. Other members of Nodaviridae are flockhousevirus (FHV) and black beetle virus (BBV). NoV has been found to multiply in several insect...
of this type of defection can be found in tomato spotted wilt virus and FlockHousevirus. Snapbacks defections are when replicase transcribes part of...
replicate in mammalian cells like other viruses in its family. Viruses such as Nodamura Virus and Flockhousevirus have been shown to infect mammals and...
The genus has five species: Black beetle virus Boolarra virusFlockHousevirus Nodamura virus Pariacoto virus "1NOV." RCSB PDB. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Dec...
resistant to RNA viruses such as Drosophila C virus, norovirus, flockhousevirus, cricket paralysis virus, chikungunya virus, and West Nile virus. In the common...
been used to sequence viral RNA genomes such as FlockHousevirus, cricket paralysis virus, and Zika virus, due to its resilience to artifactual chimera...
secretions and other body fluids (such as milk). The virus can spread rapidly through poultry flocks and among wild birds. An estimated half a billion farmed...
Activators LSm1, Pat1, and Dhh1 Control the Ratio of Subgenomic to Genomic FlockHouseVirus RNAs. J. Virol., 87(11): 6192-6200, 2013. Seidel, S., Bruce, J., Leblanc...
The American robin is active mostly during the day and assembles in large flocks at night. Its diet consists of invertebrates (such as beetle grubs, earthworms...
Virus Undead (also known as Beast Within) is a 2008 German horror film directed by Wolf Wolff and Ohmuthi, written by Wolf Jahnke, and starring Philipp...
through aerosols and respiratory which spread through the flock. When they are in a flock, transmission occurs by direct and indirect contact from the...
are the prion disease scrapie and the virus that causes foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), as both can devastate flocks. The latter poses a slight risk to humans...
distribution can be spotty. The house sparrow is a very social bird. It is gregarious during all seasons when feeding, often forming flocks with other species of...
(deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite. Although her works on coal and viruses were appreciated in her lifetime, Franklin's...
2, is a species of virus belonging to the family Paramyxoviridae and genus Metaavulavirus. The virus is a negative strand RNA virus containing a monopartite...
who told their flocks to stay home, saying that members should not become "lazy and non-supportive in (their) weak state." The United House of Prayer for...
allopreening occurs either between two members of a mated pair or between flock members in a social species. Such behaviour may assist in effective grooming...
fans draws fresh air through the house. Traditionally, a flock of broilers consist of about 20,000 birds in a growout house that measures 400/500 feet long...
transmission. Yellow fever viruses, Dengue fever viruses, and Zika viruses are of the Flavivirus genera and Chikungunya virus is of the Alphavirus genera...
sent to search engines via the Firehose API. The process is managed by FlockDB and takes an average of 350 ms. On August 16, 2013, Raffi Krikorian, Twitter's...
eggs and sometimes move eggs from neighbouring nests into their own. A flock thus uses only a few preferred locations, rather than having a different...
flock of about 1,200 migrating white storks that had been blown off course on their southward journey landed in Eilat, in southern Israel. The flock was...
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