Flash photolysis is a pump-probe laboratory technique, in which a sample is first excited by a strong pulse of light from a pulsed laser of nanosecond, picosecond, or femtosecond pulse width or by another short-pulse light source such as a flash lamp. This first strong pulse is called the pump pulse and starts a chemical reaction or leads to an increased population for energy levels other than the ground state within a sample of atoms or molecules.[1] Typically the absorption of light by the sample is recorded within short time intervals (by a so-called test or probe pulses) to monitor relaxation or reaction processes initiated by the pump pulse.
Flash photolysis was developed shortly after World War II as an outgrowth of attempts by military scientists to build cameras fast enough to photograph missiles in flight. The technique was developed in 1949 by Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish and George Porter, who won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this invention.[2] Over the next 40 years the technique became more powerful and sophisticated due to developments in optics and lasers. Interest in this method grew considerably as its practical applications expanded from chemistry to areas such as biology, materials science, and environmental sciences. Today, flash photolysis facilities are extensively used by researchers to study light-induced processes in organic molecules, polymers, nanoparticles, semiconductors, photosynthesis in plants, signaling, and light-induced conformational changes in biological systems.
^"Laser flash photolysis". www.rsc.org. Royal Society of Chemistry. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
^"The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1967". Nobelprize.org. 1967. Retrieved 20 March 2018.
Flashphotolysis is a pump-probe laboratory technique, in which a sample is first excited by a strong pulse of light from a pulsed laser of nanosecond...
ionizing radiation; radiolysis is therefore distinguished from, for example, photolysis of the Cl2 molecule into two Cl-radicals, where (ultraviolet or visible...
the Royal Society (FRS) in 1936. As a result of the development of flashphotolysis, Norrish was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1967 along with...
substrate for photolysis resulting in the generation of diatomic oxygen (O2). This is the process which returns oxygen to Earth's atmosphere. Photolysis of water...
Humphry Davy. The reaction of chlorine with oxygen under conditions of flashphotolysis in the presence of ultraviolet light results in trace amounts of chlorine...
detected in the gas phase by spectroscopy as an intermediate in the flashphotolysis of CHFBr2. Carbynes can act as trivalent ligands in complexes with...
eventually forming O2 and Cl2. The process is primarily radical based, with flashphotolysis showing radical hypochlorite (ClO·) to be a key intermediate. 2 Cl2O...
+ OH− with a half-life of 1 μs or less under ordinary conditions. Flashphotolysis, in which a laser pulse produces highly excited species such as free...
and other salts. This dye is useful in conducting experiments with flashphotolysis due to the isomerization effect between the trans-4A4N and cis-4A4N...
Nobel Laureates. His original research in developing the technique of flashphotolysis to obtain information on short-lived molecular species provided the...
absorption measurements are done using pump–probe techniques such as flashphotolysis. However, it is not easy to measure them compared to ground-state absorption...
Gisela K.; Marcus, R. A. (1957). "Exploding Wire as a Light Source in FlashPhotolysis" (PDF). The Journal of Chemical Physics. 27 (1): 189. Bibcode:1957JChPh...
above two classes because they require specialist techniques (such as flashphotolysis of caged compounds) or rapid mixing (such as stopped-flow, quenched...
Shinohara; Masaaki Ohsima (2000). "Production of Sb(IV) Chloro Complex by FlashPhotolysis of the Corresponding Sb(III) and Sb(V) Complexes in CH3CN and CHCl3"...
a widely exploited. In one study diphenylsilylene is generated by flashphotolysis of a trisilane: In this reaction diphenylsilylene is extruded from...
mixtures, flashphotolysis and radiolysis of nitrate salts and nitric acid, and several other methods. Nitrogen trioxide is a product of the photolysis of dinitrogen...
Luke. "FlashPhotolysis of Benzophenone" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-20. Porter, George (11 December 1967). "Flashphotolysis and...
approach involves generation and isolation of the intermediates by flashphotolysis and pulse radiolysis, but such methods are time-consuming and require...
in 1955 and he further developed his later Nobel Prize-winning work flashphotolysis at Sheffield. Porter was appointed Firth Professor of Chemistry and...
dynamics in polythiophene films studied by in-situ measurement of flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity (FP-TRMC) and transient optical...
Leeds graduate – for studies of extremely fast chemical reactions (flashphotolysis). Wole Soyinka (awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1986) – University...
moderate intensities; high-intensity light sources such as those used in flashphotolysis and in laser experiments are known to cause so-called biphotonic processes;...
dioxide is formed transiently when hydrogen sulfide and oxygen undergo flashphotolysis. The ionization energy of disulfur dioxide is 9.93±0.02 eV. Disulfur...
recognition of his distinguished studies of very fast chemical reactions by flashphotolysis" 1980 William Frank Vinen British "In recognition of his discovery...
gas phase. Another method to prepare short-lived stannylene is laser flashphotolysis using tetraalkyltin(IV) compound (e.g. SnMe4) as a precursor. The generation...
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