This article is about the 1808–1809 war between Russia and Sweden. For the 1939–1940 war between the Soviet Union and Finland, see Winter War. For other uses, see Finnish War (disambiguation).
1808–1809 war between Russia and Sweden
Finnish War
Part of the Napoleonic Wars and a series of Russo-Swedish wars
Left to right from the top:
Siege of Sveaborg
Battle of Revolax
Battle of Oravais
Sven Dufva (epic poem) at the Battle of Koljonvirta
Battles of Sävar and Ratan
Date
21 February 1808 – 17 September 1809 (1 year, 6 months, 3 weeks and 6 days)
Location
Finland and Sweden
Result
Russian victory
Treaty of Fredrikshamn
Territorial changes
Sweden loses Finland, Åland, a part of Lapland and a part of West Bothnia, from which the Grand Duchy of Finland was constituted, an autonomous state under direct rule of the Russian Empire.
Belligerents
Russian Empire
Supported by:
French Empire
Denmark–Norway
Sweden
Supported by:
United Kingdom
Commanders and leaders
Alexander I
Fyodor Buxhoeveden
Bogdan von Knorring
Alexey Arakcheev
Barclay de Tolly
Nikolay Kamensky
Yakov Kulnev
Pyotr Bagration
Nikolay Raevsky
Gustav IV Adolf
Charles XIII
Wilhelm Klingspor
Carl Adlercreutz
Johan Sandels
Georg von Döbeln
Carl Olof Cronstedt (POW)
Eberhard von Vegesack
Strength
August 1808: 55,000
August 1808: 36,000
Casualties and losses
10,000 killed or wounded[1]
7,000 killed or wounded[1]53,000 died of disease and other hardships[2]
v
t
e
Finnish War
Finland
Pyhäjoki
Siikajoki
Revolax
Sveaborg
Pulkkila
Kumlinge
Kuopio
Lemo
Nykarleby
Vaasa
Lintulaks
Kokonsaari
Lapua
Rimito Kramp
Sandöström
Pälkjärvi
Kauhajoki
Alavus
Karstula
Nummijärvi
Lappfjärd
Grönvikssund
Ruona–Salmi
Jutas
Oravais
Lokalaks
Palva Sund
Helsinge
Koljonvirta
Åland Islands
Sweden
Gotland
Kalix
Skellefteå
Hörnefors
Sävar
Ratan
Piteå
v
t
e
Russo-Swedish wars
Middle Ages
(1475–1476)
(1479–1482)
(1495–1497)
(1499)
(1554–1557)
(1558–1583)
(1590–1595)
(1610–1617)
(1656)
(1656–1658)
(1700–1721)
(1741–1743)
(1788–1790)
(1808–09)
v
t
e
Napoleonic Wars
Third Coalition
Anglo-Spanish War
Russo-Persian War
Franco-Swedish War
Fourth Coalition
Russo-Turkish War
First Serbian Uprising
English Wars
Gunboat War
Dano-Swedish War
Finnish War
Anglo-Turkish War
Peninsular War
Anglo-Russian War
Fifth Coalition
Austro-Polish War
Anglo-Swedish War
War of 1812
French invasion of Russia
Sixth Coalition
Swedish-Norwegian War
Seventh Coalition
Neapolitan War
Waterloo campaign
Minor campaigns of 1815
Linois's expedition to the Indian Ocean
West Indies campaign
British conquest of Cape Town
Second Archipelago Expedition
Adriatic campaign
1st Java
British invasions of the River Plate
Spice Islands
Indian Ocean
2nd Java
Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental (1811–1812)
The Finnish War (Swedish: Finska kriget, Russian: Финляндская война, Finnish: Suomen sota) was fought between the Kingdom of Sweden and the Russian Empire from 21 February 1808 to 17 September 1809 as part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a result of the war, the eastern third of Sweden was established as the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland, a state under the rule of the Russian Empire. Other notable effects were the Swedish parliament's adoption of a new constitution and the establishment of the House of Bernadotte, the new Swedish royal house, in 1818.
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