February 1986 Reform the Armed Forces Movement coup information
1986 Reform the Armed Forces Movement coup
Part of the People Power Revolution
Date
February 22, 1986
Location
Metro Manila, Philippines
Result
Plot discovered
RAM soldiers arrested
Enrile takes shelter at Camp Aguinaldo
Start of the People Power Revolution
Belligerents
Reform the Armed Forces Movement
Government of the Philippines
Armed Forces of the Philippines
Presidential Security Group
Integrated National Police
Commanders and leaders
Gregorio Honasan Juan Ponce Enrile
Ferdinand Marcos Fabian Ver
The February 1986 Reform the Armed Forces Movement coup[1] was set in motion by the Reform the Armed Forces Movement (RAM) under the leadership of Defense Minister Juan Ponce Enrile to depose then-president Ferdinand Marcos, but was discovered and aborted in its earliest stages on February 22, 1986.[1][2] The coup's intent was to take advantage of the public disruption arising from revelations of cheating during the 1986 Philippine presidential election, and replace Marcos with a military junta which would include Enrile, Philippine Constabulary Chief Fidel V. Ramos, then-Presidential Candidate Corazon Aquino, and Roman Catholic Cardinal Jaime Sin, among others,[3] which Enrile and the RAM Colonels would control from behind the scenes.[1]
The plot is notable for being the first major military action set in motion by the Reform the Armed Forces Movement,[1] and for advancing the timeline of the People Power Revolution,[4][5][6] which would otherwise have taken the form of a civil disobedience campaign led by Aquino, who had refused to back down after the revealed cheating in the 1986 Philippine presidential election.[5]
After discovering that their plot had been uncovered, Enrile and the RAM decided abort it, and instead stage a last stand in Camp Aguinaldo.[1] He then called Philippine Constabulary Chief General Fidel Ramos and Cardinal Sin to ask for support.[7] The defection of Ramos, who commanded nearby Camp Crame; the arrival of civilians to form a human barricade surrounding the two camps; and the eventual the defection of numerous other units of the AFP, eventually snowballed into what became the People Power Revolution.[5][8][9]
Corazon Aquino, who rejected Enrile's proposal of a Military Junta, was eventually inaugurated as the civilian president of a revolutionary government which was not military in nature.[3] Enrile was briefly granted the role of Defense Secretary in Aquino's administration, but was then compelled to resign due to "disagreements" with Aquino and his alleged role in plotting later coups against Aquino. RAM eventually organized several failed coups to overthrow Philippine President Corazon Aquino from November 1986 to October 1990.[10][11]
^ abcdeDavide, Hilario. "The Final Report of the Fact-Finding Commission: IV: Military Intervention in the Philippines: 1986–1987". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on October 21, 2017. Retrieved January 31, 2023.
^"Day One (EDSA: The Original People Power Revolution by Angela Stuart-Santiago)". Archived from the original on August 7, 2015. Retrieved March 15, 2015.
^ abNemenzo, Gemma. "30 Years Ago: Coup d'etat and People Power". Positively Filipino.
^Schock, Kurt (1999). "People Power and Political Opportunities: Social Movement Mobilization and Outcomes in the Philippines and Burma". Social Problems. 46 (3): 355–375. doi:10.2307/3097105. ISSN 0037-7791. JSTOR 3097105.
^ abcCruz, Elfren S. "The road to EDSA". Philstar.com. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
^Magno, Alexander R., ed. (1998). "Democracy at the Crossroads". Kasaysayan, The Story of the Filipino People Volume 9:A Nation Reborn. Hong Kong: Asia Publishing Company Limited.
^"What was Edsa?". February 25, 2016.
^Ed Lingao (February 22, 2011). "A 25-year rebellion". Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism.
^"Reform the Armed Forces Movement: We won. What shall we do?". Philippine Daily Inquirer. February 25, 2015. Retrieved August 20, 2021.
^"The Final Report of the Fact-Finding Commission: VII: Causes, Analysis, and Recommendations". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. October 3, 1990. Archived from the original on October 29, 2017. Retrieved December 1, 2021.
^Cruz, Rodel A. (2013). "Security Sector Reform: Way Forward for Democracy and Development" (PDF). The study of national security at fifty: Re-awakenings. Quezon City, Philippines: National Defence College of the Philippines. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 1, 2020.
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Global Information
Reform the Armed Forces Movement
Ferdinand Marcos