November 8, 1920 (as the Army of the Grand National Assembly)[1][2]
July 1, 1949 (as the Turkish Land Forces Command)[3][4]
Country
Turkey
Type
Army
Role
Land warfare
Size
401,500 (official TAF figure) 350,000 (CIA, active duty only)[1]
Part of
Turkish Armed Forces
Motto(s)
"Peace at Home, Peace in the World"
Colors
Gold & Maroon
March
İleri Marşı
Anniversaries
June 28[5]
Equipment
List of equipment of the Turkish Land Forces
Engagements
List of wars involving Turkey
War of Independence
Sheikh Said Rebellion
Ararat Rebellion
Dersim Rebellion
Korean War
Invasion of Cyprus
Turkey-PKK Conflict
Operation Allied Force
Operation Alba
War in Afghanistan
Operation Sun
Iraq Cross-border Raids
Syrian Border Clashes
Mali War
Operation Shah Euphrates
Turkey-PKK conflict
Operation Euphrates Shield
Operation Olive Branch
Operation Peace Spring
Turkish military intervention in Libya
Operation Spring Shield
Website
www.kkk.tsk.tr
Commanders
Commander-in-Chief
President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Minister of National Defence
Minister Yaşar Güler
Chief of the General Staff
General Metin Gürak
Commander
General Selçuk Bayraktaroğlu
Chief of Staff
Lt. Gen. Veli Tarakcı [tr]
Insignia
Army Aviation Roundel
Military unit
The Turkish Land Forces (Turkish: Türk Kara Kuvvetleri), or Turkish Army (Turkish: Türk Kara Ordusu), is the main branch of the Turkish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. The army was formed on November 8, 1920, after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Significant campaigns since the foundation of the army include suppression of rebellions in Southeast Anatolia and East Anatolia (also known as Turkish Kurdistan) from the 1920s to the present day, combat in the Korean War, the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus and the current Turkish involvement in the Syrian Civil War, as well as its NATO alliance against the USSR during the Cold War. The army holds the preeminent place within the armed forces. It is customary for the Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces to have been the Commander of the Turkish Land Forces prior to his appointment as Turkey's senior ranking officer.
Alongside the other two armed services, the Turkish Army has frequently intervened in Turkish politics, a custom that is now regulated to an extent by the reform of the National Security Council. It assumed power for several periods in the latter half of the 20th century. It carried out coups d'etat in 1960, 1971, and 1980. Most recently, it maneuvered the removal of an Islamic-oriented prime minister, Necmettin Erbakan, in 1997.[6]
From late 2015, the Turkish Army (along with the rest of the Armed Forces) saw its personnel strengths increased to a similar level as the previous decade. Factors that contributed to this growth include the Turkish occupation of northern Syria, as well as a renewal of the Kurdish-Turkish conflict.[7][8][9]
^Suat İlhan, Atatürk ve Askerlik: Düşünce ve Uygulamaları, Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi, 1990, p. 88. (in Turkish)
^Ozoglu, Hakan (2011). From Caliphate to Secular State: Power Struggle in the Early Turkish Republic. ABC-CLIO. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-313-37957-4.
^Cite error: The named reference Harp53 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^1949 Temmuzunda Türk Silâhlı Kuvvetleri yeniden örgütlendirilerek, Genelkurmay Başkanlığına bağlı Kara, Deniz, Hava Kuvvetleri kuruldu., Genelkurmay Başkanlığı, Türk Tarihi, Silahlı Kuvvetleri ve Atatürkçülük, Genelkurmay Başkanlığı, 1973, p. 65. (in Turkish)
^"Kara Kuvvetleri'nin kuruluş yıl dönümü kutlanıyor". Archived from the original on 2016-03-10. Retrieved 2016-03-09.
^"Middle East :: Turkey — The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 2021-01-02.
^"Genelkurmay personel sayısını açıkladı" (in Turkish).
^"PKK declares end to truce in Turkey". BBC News. 2015-11-05.
^Axe, David (2015-11-03). "U.S. Brings Dogfighters to Counter Russians Over Syria". The Daily Beast. Retrieved August 24, 2016.
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