Orang Utan (Pongo pygmaeus) is among the most iconic animals of Borneo and the flagship of rainforest conservation in South-East Asia.
Borneo is the third largest island in the world. In prehistoric times it was connected to the Asian mainland due to geological and climate changes. During the recent ice ages of the Pleistocene and the Holocene separation from the mainland caused extinctions and speciation of fauna on the island.
The high complexity of the Bornean tropical rain forest has created many niches that accommodate a rich diversity of fauna. Some fauna are specialised and some coexisted by having niche separation to avoid inter- and intra-specific competition within the same habitat. Ecological separation can be in the form of different feeding guilds, niche separation by stratification and different utilisation strategies by being diurnal or nocturnal. For example, vertebrate fauna (birds and mammals) can be defined into six communities based on vertical stratification of the rainforest. First, the small mammals and birds use the forest ground floor and underground. Second, the large herbivores and carnivorous animals range the ground floor of the forest searching for food, shelter and breed. Third, omnivorous and carnivorous mammals range up and down tree trunk from forest floor to the canopy level. Fourth, are mainly volant mammals such as bats and birds using the middle canopy. Fifth, are top canopy birds and mammals that feed on leaves, fruits, nectar and insects. Sixth, are the fast flying birds and bats using the above canopy area.
of birds and mammals, which are endemic for the island. Bornean tiger Borneo elephant Biodiversity ofBorneo Flora ofBorneo Category:Endemic fauna of...
The Borneo elephant, also called the Bornean elephant or the Borneo pygmy elephant, is a subspecies of Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) that inhabits northeastern...
The Bornean orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) is a species of orangutan endemic to the island ofBorneo. Together with the Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) and...
includes Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the smaller surrounding islands, whose fauna share similar characteristics with the mainland Asian fauna. During the ice age...
cat endemic to the island ofBorneo that appears to be relatively rare compared to sympatric wild cats, based on the paucity of historical, as well as recent...
species of ant found in Malaysia and Brunei, belonging to the genus Colobopsis. A worker can explode suicidally and aggressively as an ultimate act of defense...
The Borneo shark (Carcharhinus borneensis) is a species of requiem shark, and part of the family Carcharhinidae. Extremely rare, it is known only from...
family Dipterocarpaceae. Biodiversity ofBorneoFaunaofBorneo Kamariah A.S, K.M. Wong (1999): "Forests and Trees of Brunei Darussalam", Universiti Brunei...
Dasia vittata, the Borneo skink or striped tree skink, is a species of lizard endemic to Borneo. It is oviparous and arboreal. Iskandar, D.; McGuire, J...
The Borneo python (Python breitensteini), also known commonly as the Borneo short-tailed python, is a species of non-venomous snake in the family Pythonidae...
borneensis) is a semiaquatic, brown lizard native to the Southeast Asian island ofBorneo. It is the only living species in the family Lanthanotidae and it is related...
of the Sunda clouded leopard. It is native to the island ofBorneo, and differs from the Batu-Sumatran clouded leopard in the shape and frequency of spots...
endemic to the southeast Asian island ofBorneo and is found mostly in mangrove forests and on the coastal areas of the island. This species co-exists with...
atherodes) is a muntjac deer species, endemic to the moist forests of the island ofBorneo. It lives alongside the common muntjac. It is similar to its much...
file-eared tree frog, Borneo eared frog, or bony-headed flying frog) is a species of frog in the family Rhacophoridae. It is endemic to Borneo where it is widespread...
of Mammalogists consider them such. However, they can still hybridize with one another where their ranges meet. It is endemic to northeastern Borneo,...
Odontolabis castelnaudi is a beetle of the family Lucanidae. Lacroix, J.-P., 1984 - The Beetles of the World, volume 4, Odontolabini I (Lucanidae) - Genera...
orange-red coloured leech that is endemic to Mount Kinabalu, Borneo. It can grow to a length of over 50 cm (20 in). The holotype was collected by Johann Büttikofer...
and the American Society of Mammalogists consider them such. The western grey gibbon is endemic to the western portion ofBorneo, where it is found in both...
long-fingered stream toad) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to northern and western Borneo in Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia) and...
a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is the sole species in the genus Rheithrosciurus. It is found only on the island ofBorneo. Confirmed...
is a species of pufferfish in the family Tetraodontidae. It is a tropical freshwater fish native to the Kapuas River drainage ofBorneo in Kalimantan...
toad rediscovered in 2011 after being unseen since 1924. It is endemic to Borneo (Indonesia and Malaysia). Its natural habitats are tropical moist lowland...
pipesnake, is a species of snake in the dwarf pipesnake family Anomochilidae. It is endemic to Kinabalu Park in northern Borneo, where it inhabits montane...
Ansonia fuliginea, the North Borneo stream toad or North Borneo slender toad, is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is endemic to Mount Kinabalu...
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