FNA mapping is an application of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to the testis for the diagnosis of male infertility. FNA cytology has been used to examine pathological human tissue from various organs for over 100 years.[1] As an alternative to open testicular biopsy for the last 40 years, FNA mapping has helped to characterize states of human male infertility due to defective spermatogenesis.[2] Although recognized as a reliable, and informative technique,[3][4] testis FNA has not been widely used in U.S. to evaluate male infertility. Recently, however, testicular FNA has gained popularity as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for the management of clinical male infertility for several reasons:
The testis is an ideal organ for evaluation by FNA because of its uniform cellularity and easy accessibility.
The trend toward minimally invasive procedures and cost-containment views FNA favorably compared to surgical testis biopsy.
The realization that the specific histologic abnormality observed on testis biopsy has no definite correlation to either the etiology of infertility or to the ability to find sperm for assisted reproduction.
Assisted reproduction has undergone dramatic advances such that testis sperm are routinely used for biological pregnancies, thus fueling the development of novel FNA techniques to both locate and procure sperm.
For these reasons, there has been a resurgence of FNA as an important, minimally invasive tool for the evaluation and management of male infertility.
^Posner C. Die diagnostische Hodenpunktion. Berl Klin Wochenschr 1905;42b:1119-1121
^Hendricks FB, Lambird PA, Murph GP. Percutaneous needle biopsy of the testis. Fertil Steril.1969; 20:478-81
^Gottschalk-Sabag S, Glick T, Weiss DB. Fine needle aspiration of the testis and correlation with testicular open biopsy. Acta Cytol 1993;37:67-72.
^Mallidis C, Gordon Baker HW. Fine needle tissue aspiration biopsy of the testis. Fertil Steril 1994;61:367-375.
FNAmapping is an application of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) to the testis for the diagnosis of male infertility. FNA cytology has been used to examine...
America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 19. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org...
Traits in Broccoli Are Illuminated by Evaluation of the Immortal BolTBDH Mapping Population". Frontiers in Plant Science. 10: 1104. doi:10.3389/fpls.2019...
its distribution can be found at the Early Detection and Distribution Mapping System (EDDmapS). In recent years, Berberis thunbergii has been recognized...
13: Rosaceae (Spiraea to Fragaria, excl. Rubus). Helsinki: Committee for mapping the flora of Europe and Societas Biologica Fennica. p. 147. ISBN 978-951-9108-14-8...
ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 17 July 2022. Commetric (2 February 2018). "Mapping the Top Food & Drink Trends of 2018: Pandan". Commetric. Retrieved 17 July...
found and degeneration of the Y chromosome has started. Sex-linked gene mapping shows three evolutionary strata where recombination stopped through three...
13: Rosaceae (Spiraea to Fragaria, excl. Rubus). Helsinki: Committee for mapping the flora of Europe and Societas Biologica Fennica. p. 146. ISBN 978-951-9108-14-8...
S2CID 86518356. Bugden, Joni L.; Storie, Christopher D.; Burda, Carey L. (2011). "Mapping Existing and Potential River Cane (Arundinaria gigantea) Habitat in Western...
April 2019. "black mustard Brassica nigra". Early Detection & Distribution Mapping System. The University of Georgia - Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem...
low-nutrient habitats which eventually caused an embrace of carnivory. Further mapping of traits also suggests the MRCA was terrestrial and possessed a basal...
Vol. 11. Cruciferae (Ricotia to Raphanus). Helsinki: The Committee for Mapping the Flora of Europe & Societas Biologica Fennica Vanamo. p. 143. ISBN 951-9108-11-4...
1017/S0007114512000797. PMID 22916806. Elango, Dinakaran (2022). "Genome-wide association mapping of seed oligosaccharides in chickpea". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13 (2022)...
Barbara L.; Brainerd, Richard E.; Otting, Nick. "Castilleja haydenii - FNA". Flora of North America. Retrieved 28 May 2024. Heil, Kenneth D.; O'Kane...
Feng, Qin; Dong, Xiangyu; Chen, Shuxia (2019). "Genetic analysis and QTL mapping of fruit length and diameter in a cucumber (Cucumber sativus L.) recombinant...
efforts upon Limnobium laevigatum. The CDFA has carried out detection and mapping of spongeplant throughout California, with a focus upon irrigation canals...
America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 9. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org...
Johannes; Steiner, Barbara; Nelson, James; Buerstmayr, Hermann (2012). "Mapping of QTL for Fusarium head blight resistance and morphological and developmental...
Gros-Balthazard M, Flowers JM, et al. (2019). "Genome-wide association mapping of date palm fruit traits". Nature Communications. 10 (1): 4680. Bibcode:2019NatCo...
the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 14 July 2013. Pescott, Oliver. "Mapping knotweed using citizen science". Centre for Ecology and Hydrology. Archived...
and the first phenotypes, especially perenniality, are tackled by QTL mapping. A former subspecies, A. alpina subsp. caucasica, is now recognised as...
Retrieved 29 July 2013. "Ahmadinejad in new appointment". Albawaba. Tehran. FNA. 5 August 2013. Retrieved 5 August 2013. "احمدی نژاد کاندیداتوری اش در انتخابات...
grasses. The relatively small size of its genome makes it useful for genetic mapping and sequencing. In addition, only ~21% of the Brachypodium genome consists...
Huylenbroeck, J.; Van Bockstaele, E. (2008). "Karyotype analysis and physical mapping of 45S rRNA genes in Hydrangea species by fluorescence in situ hybridization"...
13: Rosaceae (Spiraea to Fragaria, excl. Rubus). Helsinki: Committee for mapping the flora of Europe and Societas Biologica Fennica. ISBN 978-951-9108-14-8...
USDA Soybean Germplasm Collection and obtained mapping data that are expected to yield association mapping data for such traits. Rpp1-R1 is a resistance...
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