This article is about the fruit. For the technology company, see Apple Inc. For other uses, see Apple (disambiguation).
"Apple tree" redirects here. For other uses, see Apple tree (disambiguation).
A request that this article title be changed to Apple (fruit) is under discussion. Please do not move this article until the discussion is closed.
Apple
'Cripps Pink' apples
Flowers
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Eudicots
Clade:
Rosids
Order:
Rosales
Family:
Rosaceae
Genus:
Malus
Species:
M. domestica
Binomial name
Malus domestica
Borkh., 1803
Synonyms[1][2]
M. communis Desf., 1768
M. pumila Mil.
M. frutescens Medik.
M. paradisiaca (L.) Medikus
M. sylvestris Mil.
Pyrus malus L.
Pyrus malus var. paradisiaca L.
Pyrus dioica Moench
An apple is a round, edible fruit produced by an apple tree (Malus spp., among them the domestic or orchard apple; Malus domestica). Apple trees are cultivated worldwide and are the most widely grown species in the genus Malus. The tree originated in Central Asia, where its wild ancestor, Malus sieversii, is still found. Apples have been grown for thousands of years in Asia and Europe and were introduced to North America by European colonists. Apples have religious and mythological significance in many cultures, including Norse, Greek, and European Christian tradition.
Apples grown from seed tend to be very different from those of their parents, and the resultant fruit frequently lacks desired characteristics. For commercial purposes, including botanical evaluation, apple cultivars are propagated by clonal grafting onto rootstocks. Apple trees grown without rootstocks tend to be larger and much slower to fruit after planting. Rootstocks are used to control the speed of growth and the size of the resulting tree, allowing for easier harvesting.
There are more than 7,500 cultivars of apples.[3] Different cultivars are bred for various tastes and uses, including cooking, eating raw, and cider or apple juice production. Trees and fruit are prone to fungal, bacterial, and pest problems, which can be controlled by a number of organic and non-organic means. In 2010, the fruit's genome was sequenced as part of research on disease control and selective breeding in apple production.
Worldwide production of apples in 2021 was 93 million tonnes, with China accounting for nearly half of the total.[4]
^Dickson, Elizabeth E. (2014). "Malus pumila". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 9. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
^Wilson, Karen L. (2017), "Report of the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants: 66: (1933). To conserve Malus domestica Borkh. against M. pumila Miller", Taxon, 66 (3): 742–744, doi:10.12705/663.15
^Elzebroek, Ton; Wind, Koop (2008). Guide to cultivated plants. Wallingford: CABI. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-84593-356-2.
^"Apple production in 2021; from pick lists: Crops/World Regions/Production Quantity". FAOSTAT, UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Statistics Division. 2023. Retrieved 23 April 2023.
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