Schematic representation of a Euglena cell with red eyespot (9)Schematic representation of a Chlamydomonas cell with chloroplast eyespot (4)
The eyespot apparatus (or stigma) is a photoreceptive organelle found in the flagellate or (motile) cells of green algae and other unicellular photosynthetic organisms such as euglenids. It allows the cells to sense light direction and intensity and respond to it, prompting the organism to either swim towards the light (positive phototaxis), or away from it (negative phototaxis). A related response ("photoshock" or photophobic response) occurs when cells are briefly exposed to high light intensity, causing the cell to stop, briefly swim backwards, then change swimming direction. Eyespot-mediated light perception helps the cells in finding an environment with optimal light conditions for photosynthesis. Eyespots are the simplest and most common "eyes" found in nature, composed of photoreceptors and areas of bright orange-red red pigment granules.[1] Signals relayed from the eyespot photoreceptors result in alteration of the beating pattern of the flagella, generating a phototactic response.[2]
^Kreimer, G. (2009). "The green algal eyespot apparatus: A primordial visual system and more?". Current Genetics. 55 (1): 19–43. doi:10.1007/s00294-008-0224-8. PMID 19107486. S2CID 8011518.
^Hegemann P (1997). "Vision in microalgae". Planta. 203 (3): 265–74. Bibcode:1997Plant.203..265H. doi:10.1007/s004250050191. PMID 9431675. S2CID 11933925.
The eyespotapparatus (or stigma) is a photoreceptive organelle found in the flagellate or (motile) cells of green algae and other unicellular photosynthetic...
simple eye in invertebrates Eyespot, a type of eye in some gastropods, a part of sensory organs of gastropods Eyespotapparatus, a photoreceptive organelle...
invertebrates often composed of a few sensory cells and a single lens Eyespotapparatus (microbial photoreceptor), the photoreceptor organelle of a unicellular...
part of a flower Pterostigma, a cell in the outer wing of insects Eyespotapparatus, or stigma, a light-detecting organelle in cells Stigma (letter),...
"Subfractionation of eyespotapparatuses from the green alga Spermatozopsis similis : Isolation and characterization of eyespot globules". Planta. 213...
system (such as the nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus), and other structures such as mitochondria and plastids. While prokaryotes...
complex plastid-containing eyespots found in other, distantly related dinoflagellates. Evolution of the eye Eyespotapparatus Hoppenrath, M; Bachvaroff...
lamprey has well-developed eyes, while the hagfish has only primitive eyespots. The ancestors of modern hagfish, thought to be the protovertebrate, were...
threatening or startling behaviour, such as suddenly displaying conspicuous eyespots or patches of bright and contrasting colours, so as to scare off or momentarily...
"Subfractionation of eyespotapparatuses from the green alga Spermatozopsis similis : Isolation and characterization of eyespot globules". Planta. 213...
obtaining nutrients from decaying organic matter. Some species possess an eyespotapparatus (stigma) in the anterior portion of the leucoplast, but in others...
(has two flagellate) meiospores contain one chloroplast with an eyespot (eyespotapparatus) and are capable of motion for a relatively short period of no...
vulnerable to sighted predators and where it is advantageous to have a convex eyespot, which gathers more light than a flat or concave one. Unlike humans, fish...
filaments called mastigonemes. Like other euglenoids, Euglena possess a red eyespot, an organelle composed of carotenoid pigment granules. The red spot itself...
cisternal maturation model of intra-Golgi apparatus transport was revived. Studies on the eyespotapparatus of green algae eventually led to the identification...
and South America. They are commonly called eyemarks, alluding to the eyespot on the wings. Bauder, Julia Anne-Sophie; Handschuh, Stephan; Metscher,...
with the help of a rigid feeding apparatus called a "rod-organ." Unlike the green euglenids, they lack both an eyespot (stigma), and the paraflagellar...
flagellum that resembles a photoreceptor, and a stigma that resembles the eyespot of euglenophyte algae, led to the hypothesis that Urceolus was the sister...
light). For this purpose, they exhibit three kinds of photoreceptors or "eyespots": (1) receptors with light antennae, found in many green algae, dinoflagellates...
became the plastid. Most of these organisms also possess a semi-rectangular eyespot, often reddish in color, and a single flagellum, although some species...
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