Class of models about the dynamics of extinctions of species
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Extinction vortices are a class of models through which conservation biologists, geneticists and ecologists can understand the dynamics of and categorize extinctions in the context of their causes. This model shows the events that ultimately lead small populations to become increasingly vulnerable as they spiral toward extinction. Developed by M. E. Gilpin and M. E. Soulé in 1986, there are currently four classes of extinction vortices.[1] The first two (R and D) deal with environmental factors that have an effect on the ecosystem or community level, such as disturbance, pollution, habitat loss etc. Whereas the second two (F and A) deal with genetic factors such as inbreeding depression and outbreeding depression, genetic drift etc.
^Gilpin, M. E.; Soulé, M. E. (1986). "Minimum Viable Populations: Processes of Species Extinction". In M. E. Soulé (ed.). Conservation Biology: The Science of Scarcity and Diversity. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer. pp. 19–34. ISBN 0-87893-794-3.
these fragments, local extinction rates increase which, through positive feedback, further increases D. F Vortex: The F vortex is initiated by a decrease...
Modeling Extinction, argues for a mathematical model that falls in all positions. By contrast, conservation biology uses the extinctionvortex model to...
though it still exists elsewhere. Local extinctions are contrasted with global extinctions. Local extinctions mark a change in the ecology of an area...
Human extinction is the hypothetical end of the human species, either by population decline due to extraneous natural causes, such as an asteroid impact...
Holocene extinction, or Anthropocene extinction, is the ongoing extinction event caused by humans during the Holocene epoch. These extinctions span numerous...
Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S An extinction event (also known as a mass extinction...
lists of species and organisms that have become extinct. The reasons for extinction range from natural occurrences, such as shifts in the Earth's ecosystem...
The Voluntary Human Extinction Movement (VHEMT) is an environmental movement that calls for all people to abstain from reproduction in order to cause the...
genetics Mutational meltdown Small population size ExtinctionvortexExtinction debt Extinctions in Near Time: Causes, Contexts, and Consequences 1999...
In evolutionary genetics, mutational meltdown is a sub class of extinctionvortex in which the environment and genetic predisposition mutually reinforce...
fluctuations and therefore greatly affect the extinction risk. Ecological extinctionExtinctionvortex Small population size Population genetics Endangered...
the end-Ordovician mass extinction or the Ordovician-Silurian extinction, is the first of the "big five" major mass extinction events in Earth's history...
Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic % Millions of years ago (H) K–Pg Tr–J P–Tr Cap Late D O–S The Late Devonian extinction consisted of several...
The Late Pleistocene to the beginning of the Holocene saw numerous extinctions of predominantly megafaunal (typically defined as having body masses over...
biodiversity is to maintain ecological function to prevent ecological extinction. Examples of species and subspecies that are extinct in the wild include...
In ecology, extinction debt is the future extinction of species due to events in the past. The phrases dead clade walking and survival without recovery...
including seas and oceans, as appropriate. Low densities may cause an extinctionvortex and further reduce fertility. This is called the Allee effect after...
including endangered groups for comparison that are nearing extinction, facing an extinctionvortex (500 members or less by the 2002 Census). Slavic migration...
This is a list of extinction events, both mass and minor: "Big Five" major extinction events (see graphic) Marine extinction intensity during Phanerozoic...
Background extinction rate, also known as the normal extinction rate, refers to the standard rate of extinction in Earth's geological and biological history...
Ecological extinction is "the reduction of a species to such low abundance that, although it is still present in the community, it no longer interacts...
The extinction symbol represents the threat of holocene extinction on Earth; a circle represents the planet and a stylised hourglass is a warning that...
activity or meteor impact. The Permian–Triassic extinction event saw the greatest level of insect extinction, and the Cretaceous–Paleogene the second highest...
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