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ext
Developer(s)
Rémy Card
Full name
extended file system
Introduced
April 1992; 32 years ago (1992-04) with Linux 0.96c
Discontinued
14 January 1997; 27 years ago (1997-01-14) with Linux 2.1.21
Preceded by
MINIX file system
Succeeded by
ext2
Structures
Directory contents
Table
File allocation
Free space: Linked list[1]
Metadata: Table
Bad blocks
Table
Limits
Max volume size
2 GB[2]
Max filename length
255 characters[3]
Features
File system permissions
Unix permissions
Transparent encryption
No
Copy-on-write
No
The extended file system, or ext, was implemented in April 1992 as the first file system created specifically for the Linux kernel. It has metadata structure inspired by traditional Unix filesystem principles, and was designed by Rémy Card to overcome certain limitations of the MINIX file system.[4][2] It was the first implementation that used the virtual file system (VFS), for which support was added in the Linux kernel in version 0.96c, and it could handle file systems up to 2 gigabytes (GB) in size.[2]
ext was the first in the series of extended file systems. In 1993, it was superseded by both ext2 and Xiafs, which competed for a time, but ext2 won because of its long-term viability: ext2 remedied issues with ext, such as the immutability of inodes and fragmentation.[5]
^"freelists.c - fs/ext/freelists.c - Linux source code (2.1.20)". Bootlin. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
^ abcJones, M. Tim (17 February 2009). "Anatomy of ext4". IBM Developer Works. Archived from the original on 20 February 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
^"ext_fs.h - include/linux/ext_fs.h - Linux source code (0.96c-patch2)". Bootlin. Retrieved 14 May 2023.
^"Rémy Card (Interview, April 1998)" (in French). April Association. 19 April 1999. Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
^Card, Rémy; Ts'o, Theodore; Tweedie, Stephen. "Design and Implementation of the Second Extended Filesystem". Archived from the original on 4 February 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2012. First published in First Dutch International Symposium on Linux. State University of Groningen. 1995. ISBN 90-367-0385-9.
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