This article is about how a computer organizes and accesses computer files. For library and office filing systems, see Library classification.
Operating systems
Common features
Process management
Interrupts
Memory management
File system
Device drivers
Networking
Security
Input/output
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In computing, a file system or filesystem (often abbreviated to FS or fs) governs file organization and access. A local file system is a capability of an operating system that services the applications running on the same computer.[1][2] A distributed file system is a protocol that provides file access between networked computers.
A file system provides a data storage service that allows applications to share mass storage. Without a file system, applications could access the storage in incompatible ways that lead to resource contention, data corruption and data loss.
There are many file system designs and implementations – with various structure and features and various resulting characteristics such as speed, flexibility, security, size and more.
Files systems have been developed for many types of storage devices, including hard disk drives (HDDs), solid-state drives (SSDs), magnetic tapes and optical discs.[3]
A portion of the computer main memory can be set up as a RAM disk that serves as a storage device for a file system. File systems such as tmpfs can store files in virtual memory.
A virtual file system provides access to files that are either computed on request, called virtual files (see procfs and sysfs), or are mapping into another, backing storage.
^"5.10. Filesystems". The Linux Document Project. Retrieved December 11, 2021. A filesystem is the methods and data structures that an operating system uses to keep track of files on a disk or partition; that is, the way the files are organized on the disk.
^Arpaci-Dusseau, Remzi H.; Arpaci-Dusseau, Andrea C. (2014), File System Implementation(PDF), Arpaci-Dusseau Books
^"Storage, IT Technology and Markets, Status and Evolution" (PDF). September 20, 2018. HDD still key storage for the foreseeable future, SSDs not cost effective for capacity
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