Euxinia or euxinic conditions occur when water is both anoxic and sulfidic. This means that there is no oxygen (O2) and a raised level of free hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Euxinic bodies of water are frequently strongly stratified; have an oxic, highly productive, thin surface layer; and have anoxic, sulfidic bottom water. The word "euxinia" is derived from the Greek name for the Black Sea (Εὔξεινος Πόντος (Euxeinos Pontos)) which translates to "hospitable sea".[1] Euxinic deep water is a key component of the Canfield ocean, a model of oceans during part of the Proterozoic eon (a part specifically known as the Boring Billion) proposed by Donald Canfield, an American geologist, in 1998.[2] There is still debate within the scientific community on both the duration and frequency of euxinic conditions in the ancient oceans.[3] Euxinia is relatively rare in modern bodies of water, but does still happen in places like the Black Sea and certain fjords.
^Meyer, Katja M.; Kump, Lee R. (2008-04-29). "Oceanic Euxinia in Earth History: Causes and Consequences". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 36 (1): 251–288. Bibcode:2008AREPS..36..251M. doi:10.1146/annurev.earth.36.031207.124256. S2CID 140715755.
^Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Lyons, Timothy W. (2008-08-15). "Ironing Out Ocean Chemistry at the Dawn of Animal Life". Science. 321 (5891): 923–924. doi:10.1126/science.1162870. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 18703731. S2CID 38446103.
Euxinia or euxinic conditions occur when water is both anoxic and sulfidic. This means that there is no oxygen (O2) and a raised level of free hydrogen...
pulse was associated with intense worldwide anoxia (oxygen depletion) and euxinia (toxic sulfide production), which persisted into the subsequent Rhuddanian...
enhanced volcanism (the release of CO2) as the "central external trigger for euxinia." Human activities in the Holocene epoch, such as the release of nutrients...
glaciation. The oceans may have been oxygen- and nutrient-poor and sulfidic (euxinia), populated by mainly anoxygenic purple bacteria, a type of chlorophyll-based...
erosion, which in turn has been propounded as a factor enhancing oceanic euxinia. Euxinia may have been exacerbated even further by the increasing sluggishness...
ISSN 0012-8252. Marynowski, Leszek; Filipiak, Paweł (2007-05-01). "Water column euxinia and wildfire evidence during deposition of the Upper Famennian Hangenberg...
events provide direct evidence for an increase in anoxia. Photic zone euxinia, documented by concurrent negative ∆199Hg and positive δ202Hg excursions...
Elliot H.; Algeo, Thomas J.; Sun, Yongge (15 May 2021). "Periodic oceanic euxinia and terrestrial fluxes linked to astronomical forcing during the Late Devonian...
(now the Wrangell Mountains, Alaska). There is some evidence for seabed euxinia (no oxygen and high toxic sulfide concentrations) during the CPE. Limestones...
found in the early Eocene. The isolation of the Arctic Ocean, evidenced by euxinia that occurred at this time, led to stagnant waters and as the azolla sank...
"Elevated pCO2 leading to Late Triassic extinction, persistent photic zone euxinia, and rising sea levels". Geology. 41 (9): 955–958. Bibcode:2013Geo....41...
deposition was episodic and there may have been significant intervals of euxinia. The transition from deposition of banded iron formations to manganese...
microbial sulphur reduction, causing deeper waters to become highly euxinic. Euxinia caused the formation of large amounts of methyl sulphides, which in turn...
Paleoceanography. 17: 1051. Meyer, Katja M.; Kump, Lee R. (2008). “Ocean Euxinia in Earth History: Causes and Consequences”. Annual Reviews in Earth and...
Caineng; Qiu, Zhen; Wei, Hengye; Dong, Dazhong; Lu, Bin (15 December 2018). "Euxinia caused the Late Ordovician extinction: Evidence from pyrite morphology...
been related to glaciation in the temperate and polar zones as well as euxinia and anoxia in the seas. The first tetrapods are four-legged, air-breathing...
oxygenate the ocean. There is some dispute about the stability of large-scale euxinia. Euxinic conditions would result in the depletion of metals essential for...
Kendall, Brian (15 January 2023). "No evidence for expansion of global ocean euxinia during the base Stairsian mass extinction event (Tremadocian, Early Ordovician)"...
the Umbria-Marche Apennines, also exhibited euxinia during the anoxic event. There is less evidence of euxinia outside the northwestern Tethys, and it likely...
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