1960–1974 Marxist-Leninist student movement in Ethiopia
Ethiopian Student Movement
Part of Opposition to Haile Selassie
Public demonstration amid the Ethiopian Revolution in 1974
Date
1960–1974
Location
Ethiopia
Caused by
Discontent with Haile Selassie's administration
1972–1975 Wollo famine
Land reform
Goals
Overthrowing the Ethiopian imperial government
Radical land reform
Communist revolution
Methods
Protest
Student activism
Resulted in
Beginning of the Ethiopian Revolution and the Derg era
1974 Ethiopian coup d'état
Monarchy abolished in 1975
Parties
Ethiopian students
Government of Ethiopia
Lead figures
Tilahun Gizaw
Haile Selassie
Casualties
Death(s)
30,000–750,000 (estimates vary widely)[1]
The Ethiopian Student Movement (Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ተማሪዎች ንቅንቄ, ESM) was a period of radical Marxist–Leninist student activism and movement in Ethiopia from the mid-1960s to the 1974 revolution. The first demonstration occurred in 1965 by university student, led by Marxist–Leninist motivation chanting "Land to the Tiller" and "Is poverty a crime?". The student uprisings continued in 1966 until 1969. The movement also called for the abolish of monarchy under Emperor Haile Selassie and feudalism in Ethiopia.
Following the 1974 revolution, the ESM members in Ethiopia and aboard superintended many political organizations like the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP) and All-Ethiopia Socialist Movement (MEISON), that involved in insurgency against the Derg regime. Scholars agreed that the ESM has laid foundation of many opposition forces behind the Derg government during the Ethiopian Civil War, especially the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and the inspired the EPRDF's notion of "multi-nation, multi-ethnic, and multilingual nature of Ethiopia". As such, ESM is critical for the 21st-century Ethiopian ethnic conflict.[2][3]
^"The Legacies of the Ethiopian Student Movement". Jacobin. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
^Lemma, Legesse (1979). "The Ethiopian Student Movement 1960-1974: A Challenge to the Monarchy and Imperialism in Ethiopia". Northeast African Studies. 1 (2): 31–46. ISSN 0740-9133.
^Adamu, Abebaw Yirga; Balsvik, Randi Rønning (2018), Oinas, Elina; Onodera, Henri; Suurpää, Leena (eds.), "Students' Participation in and Contribution to Political and Social Change in Ethiopia", What Politics?, Youth and Political Engagement in Africa, vol. 6, Brill, pp. 265–284, doi:10.1163/j.ctvbqs5zx.22?seq=1, retrieved 2024-03-09
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