Oldest surviving Chinese dictionary (3rd-century BCE)
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Erya
Erya exhibit at Chinese Dictionary Museum (Jincheng, Shanxi Province)
Chinese name
Traditional Chinese
爾雅
Simplified Chinese
尔雅
Literal meaning
approaching what is correct
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Ěryǎ
Wade–Giles
Erh3-ya3
IPA
[àɚ.jà]
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Yíh-ngáah
Jyutping
Ji5-ngaa5
IPA
[jiː˩˧.ŋaː˩˧]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ
Ní-ngá
Middle Chinese
Middle Chinese
/ȵiᴇXŋˠaX/
Old Chinese
Baxter–Sagart (2014)
*n[e][r]ʔ N-ɢˤraʔ
Zhengzhang
/*njelʔŋraːʔ/
Vietnamese name
Vietnamese alphabet
Nhĩ Nhã
Chữ Hán
爾雅
Korean name
Hangul
이아
Hanja
爾雅
Transcriptions
Revised Romanization
Ia
Japanese name
Kanji
爾雅
Kana
じが
Transcriptions
Romanization
Jiga
The Erya or Erh-ya is the first surviving Chinese dictionary. The sinologist Bernhard Karlgren concluded that "the major part of its glosses must reasonably date from the 3rd century BC."[1]
The Erya or Erh-ya is the first surviving Chinese dictionary. The sinologist Bernhard Karlgren concluded that "the major part of its glosses must reasonably...
The Xiao Erya (simplified Chinese: 小尔雅; traditional Chinese: 小爾雅; pinyin: Xiǎo Ěryǎ; Wade–Giles: Hsiao Erh-ya; "Little [Er]ya") was an early Chinese dictionary...
of mood) etc.), stressing that in the traditional dictionaries (such as Erya or the Kangxi Dictionary), the word 令 is explained with the word 善. Nakanishi...
pelts to control menstruation as described in the Qin dynasty encyclopedia Erya. The creature named mo (貘) mentioned in some ancient books has been interpreted...
However, Touya saves Erya, allowing him to pass the throne to Cloud without any threats so he can retire and be with his wife. Erya Zes Lihnea (エリア・ゼス・リーニエ...
Dian (陸佃/陆佃, 1042-1102). He wrote this Erya supplement along with his Erya Xinyi (爾雅新義 "New Exegesis of the Erya") commentary. Although the Piya preface...
While prefigured by earlier Chinese character reference works like the Erya (c. 3rd century BCE), the Shuowen Jiezi featured the first comprehensive...
was defined as the father of a man's wife (e.g. a man's father-in-law) in Erya, but now it generally means "marriage" in Modern Standard Chinese. Yīn (姻)...
during the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD), in his Erya Yinyi (爾雅音義, "Sounds and Meanings of Erya"). However, earlier examples have been found in the...
the 貅 xiu is female. According to Erya and Shuowen Jiezi, the 貙 chū looks like a 貍 lí, Guo Pu's commentaries on Erya indicate that in his time the chū...
Qin period. The first known character dictionary was the 3rd-century BC Erya, collated and referenced by Liu Xiang and his son Liu Xin; it is no longer...
methods based on their meaning, visual structure, or pronunciation. The Erya (c. 3rd century BCE) organised the Chinese lexicon into 16 semantic categories...
Bencao says "綸布 (gūanbù), alias 昆布 (kūnbù)." Then, what is mentioned in the Erya as "(what is pronounced) 綸 resembles 綸. This is in the East China Sea" kūnbù...
recognized the Cannabis plant as dioecious", and the (c. 3rd century BCE) Erya dictionary defined xi 枲 "male Cannabis" and fu 莩 (or ju 苴) "female Cannabis"...
attacking snakes with its talons and its wings spread. According to the Erya's chapter 17 Shiniao, fenghuang is made up of the beak of a rooster, the face...
and assist in childbirth, according to ancient Chinese books including the Erya and Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing. Its usage in reducing heat, boosting energy,...
the legendary Yellow Emperor created the first measurement units. The Xiao Erya and the Kongzi Jiayu state that length units were derived from the human...
the 貅 xiu is female. According to Erya and Shuowen Jiezi, the 貙 chū looks like a 貍 lí, Guo Pu's commentaries on Erya indicate that in his time the chū...
bilingual Sumerian wordlists. A Chinese dictionary, the c. 3rd century BCE Erya, is the earliest surviving monolingual dictionary; and some sources cite...
One of the earliest mantis references is in the ancient Chinese dictionary Erya, which gives its attributes in poetry, where it represents courage and fearlessness...
Zhuàn) The Analects (論語 Lúnyǔ) Classic of Filial Piety (孝經 Xiàojīng) Erya (爾雅 Ěryǎ), a dictionary and encyclopedia Mencius (孟子 Mèngzǐ) The tradition of...
Liangzhou, instead there were Youzhou and Bingzhou, but according to the Erya there was no Qingzhou or Liangzhou, instead there was Youzhou (幽州) and Yingzhou...
supposed early descriptions of hairy wildmen include: The Yi Zhou Shu and Erya compiled in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE mention a fast-moving, long-haired...