This article is about the plant genus. For therapeutic use, see Medical cannabis. For the psychoactive drug, see Cannabis (drug). For other uses, see Cannabis (disambiguation).
Cannabis
Temporal range: Early Miocene – Present 19.6–0 Ma
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Common hemp
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
Clade:
Tracheophytes
Clade:
Angiosperms
Clade:
Eudicots
Clade:
Rosids
Order:
Rosales
Family:
Cannabaceae
Genus:
Cannabis L.
Species[1]
Cannabis sativa L.
Cannabis indica Lam.
Cannabis ruderalis Janisch
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Cannabis
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Cannabis (/ˈkænəbɪs/)[2] is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae. The number of species within the genus is disputed. Three species may be recognized: Cannabis sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis. Alternatively, C. ruderalis may be included within C. sativa, all three may be treated as subspecies of C. sativa,[1][3][4][5] or C. sativa may be accepted as a single undivided species.[6] The genus is widely accepted as being indigenous to and originating from Asia.[7][8][9]
The plant is also known as hemp, although this term is often used to refer only to varieties of Cannabis cultivated for non-drug use. Cannabis has long been used for hemp fibre, hemp seeds and their oils, hemp leaves for use as vegetables and as juice, medicinal purposes, and as a recreational drug. Industrial hemp products are made from cannabis plants selected to produce an abundance of fibre. Various cannabis strains have been bred, often selectively to produce high or low levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), a cannabinoid and the plant's principal psychoactive constituent. Compounds such as hashish and hash oil are extracted from the plant.[10]
^ abGuy GW, Whittle BA, Robson P (2004). The Medicinal Uses of Cannabis and Cannabinoids. Pharmaceutical Press. pp. 74–. ISBN 978-0-85369-517-2.
^Dictionary of Medical Terms. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2010. p. 139. ISBN 978-1-4081-3635-5. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
^"Classification Report". United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
^"Indica, Sativa, Ruderalis – Did We Get It All Wrong?". The Leaf Online. 26 January 2015. Archived from the original on 14 February 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
^"Species of Cannabis". GRIN Taxonomy. Archived from the original on 13 February 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
^"Cannabis sativa L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on 19 January 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
^ElSohly MA (2007). Marijuana and the Cannabinoids. Humana Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-58829-456-2. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2011.
^Lambert DM (2009). Cannabinoids in Nature and Medicine. Wiley-VCH. p. 20. ISBN 978-3-906390-56-7. Archived from the original on 18 August 2021. Retrieved 21 August 2018.
^Ren G, Zhang X, Li Y, Ridout K, Serrano-Serrano ML, Yang Y, et al. (July 2021). "Large-scale whole-genome resequencing unravels the domestication history of Cannabis sativa". Science Advances. 7 (29): eabg2286. Bibcode:2021SciA....7.2286R. doi:10.1126/sciadv.abg2286. PMC 8284894. PMID 34272249.
^Erowid. 2006. Cannabis Basics. Archived 23 April 2007 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 25 February 2007.
Cannabis (/ˈkænəbɪs/) is a genus of flowering plants in the family Cannabaceae. The number of species within the genus is disputed. Three species may be...
The legality of cannabis for medical and recreational use varies by country, in terms of its possession, distribution, and cultivation, and (in regards...
Cannabis in the United Kingdom is illegal for recreational use and is classified as a Class B drug. In 2004, the United Kingdom made cannabis a Class...
Cannabis sativa is an annual herbaceous flowering plant. The species was first classified by Carl Linnaeus in 1753. The specific epithet sativa means 'cultivated'...
The effects of cannabis are caused by chemical compounds in the cannabis plant, including 113[clarification needed] different cannabinoids such as tetrahydrocannabinol...
Medical cannabis, or medical marijuana (MMJ), is cannabis and cannabinoids that are prescribed by physicians for their patients. The use of cannabis as medicine...
A cannabis edible, also known as a cannabis-infused food or simply an edible, is a food item (either homemade or produced commercially) that contains...
have varying stances on the use of cannabis, historically and presently. In ancient history some religions used cannabis as an entheogen, particularly in...
In Thailand, cannabis, known by the name Ganja (Thai: กัญชา; RTGS: kancha) has recently had new laws passed through. Cannabis that has less than 0.2% THC...
Cultivation of cannabis is the production of cannabis infructescences ("buds" or "leaves"). Cultivation techniques for other purposes (such as hemp production)...
Cannabis in Germany has been legal for recreational usage by adults (aged 18 and over) in a limited capacity since 1 April 2024. As of February 2024, it...
Cannabis in Canada is legal for both recreational and medicinal purposes. Medicinal use of cannabis was legalized nationwide under conditions outlined...
Cannabis indica is an annual plant species in the family Cannabaceae indigenous to the Hindu Kush mountains of Southern Asia. The plant produces large...
hash, is an oleoresin made by compressing and processing parts of the cannabis plant, typically focusing on flowering buds (female flowers) containing...
years had used cannabis in their lifetime and 11.6% had used cannabis in the last 12 months. Australia has one of the highest cannabis prevalence rates...
The history of cannabis and its usage by humans dates back to at least the third millennium BC in written history, and possibly as far back as the Pre-Pottery...
Cannabis strains are either pure or hybrid varieties of the plant genus Cannabis, which encompasses the species C. sativa, C. indica, and C. ruderalis...
Cannabis ruderalis is a variety, subspecies, or species of Cannabis native to Central and Eastern Europe and Russia. It contains a relatively low quantity...
Cannabis smoking (known colloquially as smoking weed or smoking pot) is the inhalation of smoke or vapor released by heating the flowers, leaves, or extracts...
have been identified for the dried leaves and flowers harvested from the cannabis plant for drug use. This list is not exhaustive; it includes well-attested...
Cannabis in India has been known to be used at least as early as 2000 BCE. In Indian society, common terms for cannabis preparations include charas (resin)...
Cannabis culture describes a social atmosphere or series of associated social behaviors that depends heavily upon cannabis consumption, particularly as...
Cannabis tea (also known as weed tea, pot tea, ganja tea or a cannabis decoction) is a cannabis-infused drink prepared by steeping various parts of the...
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