Sultanate in central and eastern Anatolia (1335–1381)
Eretnid dynasty
1335–1381
The Eretnids under Eretna
Status
Sultanate
Capital
Sivas and Kayseri
Religion
Islam
Government
Monarchy
Sultan
• 1335–1352
Ala al-Din Eretna
• 1380–1381
Muhammad II Chelebi
History
• Established
1335
• Independence
1343
• Disestablished
1381
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Ilkhanate
Kadi Burhan al-Din
Ottoman Empire
Karamanids
Emirate of Erzincan
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Prehistory of Anatolia
Palaeolithic Anatolia
c. 500,000– 10,000 BC
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c. 11,000– 9,000 BC
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c. 8,000– 5,500 BC
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3000–700 BC
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2500–2000 BC
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2400–2150 BC
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1780–1680 BC
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1200–800 BC
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1200–800 BC
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1200–700 BC
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1150–547 BC
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1000–700 BC
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1000–545 BC
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859–595/585 BC
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1200–800 BC
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1200–800 BC
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1150–547 BC
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1100–560 BC
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1000–560 BC
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1000–700 BC
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1000–545 BC
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859–595/585 BC
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678–549 BC
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685–547 BC
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559–331 BC
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334–301 BC
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322–130 BC
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302–64 BC
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282–129 BC
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281–64 BC
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247 BC–224 AD
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190 BC–428 AD
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133–27 BC
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163 BC–72 AD
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133 BC-27 BC–330 AD
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224–651 AD (briefly in Anatolia)
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(330–1453; 1204-1261 in exile as Empire of Nicaea)
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(1071–1178)
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(1077–1307)
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(1078–1375)
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(1081–1423)
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(1098–1150)
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(1101–1409)
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(1204–1461)
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(1250–1487)
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The Eretnids (Turkish: Eretna Beyliği) were a dynasty that ruled a state spanning central and eastern Anatolia from 1335 to 1381. The dynasty's founder, Eretna, was an Ilkhanid officer of Uyghur origin, under Timurtash, who was appointed as the governor of Anatolia. Some time after the latter's downfall, Eretna became the governor under the suzerainty of the Jalayirid ruler Hasan Buzurg. After an unexpected victory at the Battle of Karanbük, against Mongol warlords competing to restore the Ilkhanate, Eretna claimed independence declaring himself the sultan of his domains. His reign was largely prosperous earning him the nickname Köse Peyghamber (lit.'the beardless prophet').
Eretna's son Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad I, although initially preferred over his older brother Jafar, struggled to maintain his authority over the state and was quickly deposed by Jafar. Shortly after, he managed to restore his throne, although he could not prevent some portion of his territories from getting annexed by local Turkoman lords, the Dulkadirids to the south, and the Ottomans to the west. In 1365, when he had recently put an end to the revolt of his vizier (chief minister), he was murdered by his emirs (vassals) in Kayseri, the capital.
His 13-year-old son, Ala al-Din Ali, was largely not allowed to interfere in administrative matters by the local emirs, who had been enjoying a substantial degree of autonomy since Eretna's demise. Ali lacked necessary skills of governance and was described to have only cared for personal pleasures. The state's borders continued to shrink, and the capital temporarily came under Karamanid control. Kadi Burhan al-Din rose to power as the new vizier and further dispatched Ali to command several largely unsuccessful campaigns. Ali died of the plague in August 1380 amidst one of those expeditions. The fourth Eretnid sultan, Muhammad II Chelebi was 7 years old when his father died. His regent Burhan al-Din toppled him in less than a year and proclaimed himself as the new sultan by January 1381, ending the Eretnid dynasty's political presence.
There is a scant number of surviving buildings and literary works identified with the rule of the Eretnids. This contrasts with the neighboring contemporary states, who left a greater architectural legacy.
The Eretnids (Turkish: Eretna Beyliği) were a dynasty that ruled a state spanning central and eastern Anatolia from 1335 to 1381. The dynasty's founder...
Eretna, medieval ruler in Anatolia of Uyghur origin and founder of the Eretniddynasty "China has turned Xinjiang into a police state like no other". The...
autonomy as vassals of the Eretnids. Mutahharten claimed sovereignty from the Eretnids when he assumed power, which prompted the Eretnid Sultan Ala al-Din Ali...
dynasty (AD 1308–1425) Aydınid dynasty (AD 1308–1426) Sutayids (AD 1312–1351) Hacıemiroğulları dynasty (AD 1313–1392) Eretnids (AD 1335–1381) Principality...
countries, autonomous republics, independent republics, beyliks, empire and dynasties that were built by Turkic people. Turkic languages Turkic peoples Turkish...
the Mongols, to be killed, Genghis Khan declared war on the Anushtegin dynasty in 1219. The Mongols overran the empire, occupying the major cities and...
territory, and the Uyghur commander Eretna established an independent state (Eretnids) in Anatolia in 1336. Following the downfall of their Mongol masters, the...
Turkish: ارتــنــا; died February–August 1352) was the first sultan of the Eretnids, reigning between 1343–1352 in central and eastern Anatolia. Initially...
the Rûm Eyalet (central northern Anatolia), recently conquered from its Eretnid rulers. On 20 July 1402, his father Bayezid was defeated in the Battle...
Persia. In the end, Persia was split amongst the Muzaffarids, Kartids, Eretnids, Chobanids, Injuids, Jalayirids, and Sarbadars. In 1383, Timur started...
alliances. Kadi Burhan al-Din (r. 1381–98) was a rising figure who usurped the Eretnid throne as the former vizier. With Burhan al-Din's support, Khalil plundered...
(Hindustan). At that time the dominant power of subcontinent was Tughlaq dynasty of Delhi Sultanate but it had already been weakened by the formation of...
Turpan and Qumul. The government has banned some two dozen Islamic names. Eretnids Hui-Uyghur tension List of Uyghurs Meshrep Tibetan Muslims Uyghur timeline...
Mongol conquest. In central and eastern Anatolia, under dynasties like the Karamanids and the Eretnids, architecture remained fairly traditional. In western...
principalities of Karasi, Saruhan, Aydin, Menteşe, and Teke. The Candar dynasty (later also known as Isfendiyar) reigned in the Black Sea region around...
city, before it came under the rule of the Eretnid emirate. Hadji Shadgeldi Pasha took Amasya from the Eretnids under Ali Bey, and successfully fended off...
in 1514–1517 and obtained the title of Caliph of Islam for the Ottoman dynasty after his conquest of Egypt in 1517. He was nicknamed Yavuz, traditionally...
After the Mongol invasion of the 13th century, Niksar was governed by the Eretnids and then the Beylik of Tacettin, a beylik and became the center of the...
was commissioned by Nizam al-Din and Muyyid al-Dawla during the Kurdish dynasty, Marwanids era (990–1085) in Diyarbakır, and was built by architect Yusuf...
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