Infantile spasms, Juvenile spasms, or West syndrome[1]
Specialty
Neurology
Epileptic spasms is an uncommon-to-rare epileptic disorder in infants, children and adults. One of the other names of the disorder, West syndrome, is in memory of the English physician, William James West (1793–1848), who first described it in an article published in The Lancet in 1841.[2] The original case actually described his own son, James Edwin West (1840–1860).[3] Other names for it are "generalized flexion epilepsy", "infantile epileptic encephalopathy", "infantile myoclonic encephalopathy", "jackknife convulsions", "massive myoclonia" and "Salaam spasms". The term "infantile spasms" can be used to describe the specific seizure manifestation in the syndrome, but is also used as a synonym for the syndrome itself. West syndrome in modern usage is the triad of infantile spasms, a pathognomonic EEG pattern (called hypsarrhythmia), and developmental regression[4] – although the international definition requires only two out of these three elements.
The syndrome is age-related, generally occurring between the third and the twelfth month, generally manifesting around the fifth month. There are various causes. The syndrome is often caused by an organic brain dysfunction whose origins may be prenatal, perinatal (caused during birth) or postnatal.
^Elaine Wyllie; Ajay Gupta; Deepak K. Lachhwani (2006). The Treatment of Epilepsy: Principles & Practice (4th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 333–. ISBN 978-0-7817-4995-4.
^West, W. J. (1841). "On a Peculiar Form of Infantile Convulsions". The Lancet. 35 (911): 724–725. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)40184-4.
^"West's syndrome". Whonamedit? A dictionary of medical eponyms. Ole Daniel Enersen.
^"NINDS Infantile Spasms Information Page". Archived from the original on December 13, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
Epilepticspasms is an uncommon-to-rare epileptic disorder in infants, children and adults. One of the other names of the disorder, West syndrome, is...
of spasms, or permanent spasms, is referred to as a "spasmism". Various kinds of involuntary muscle activity may be referred to as a "spasm". A spasm may...
myoclonic, clonic, tonic, and atonic seizures. Some seizures such as epilepticspasms are of an unknown type. Focal seizures (previously called partial seizures)...
predicted by the underlying cause of the spasms and whether the infant's development before onset of spasms. Rapid treatment with effective medication...
Developmental & Epileptic Encephalopathy (EIDEE) is a progressive epileptic encephalopathy. The syndrome is outwardly characterized by tonic spasms and partial...
type". In most cases of infantile spasms, hypsarrhythmia either disappears or improves during a cluster of spasms and/or REM sleep. Hypsarrhythmia rarely...
narcissistic and obsessive features, with additional diagnoses including epilepticspasms, psychosis and borderline personality disorder. Debra Brown was born...
'nervous twitchings' (referable possibly to tic disorder), cramp, epilepticspasms, vertigo, palpitations, kidney stone and menstrual disorder. The plant...
non-communicable neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. An epileptic seizure is the clinical manifestation of an abnormal, excessive...
is distinct from Dravet syndrome, and patients sometimes experience epilepticspasms (not typically observed in Dravet syndrome), are less susceptible to...
Melody Maker: "Ian's mesmeric style mirrored the ever more frequent epilepticspasms that Deborah Curtis had to cope with at home." Marcus remarked that...
degree of developmental delay and intellectual disability, as well as epileptic seizures. Other clinical features vary depending on the affected gene...
awareness is unspecified; this usually occurs for atonic seizures and epilepticspasm seizures.: 525 A motor seizure has prominent movement, increased muscle...
antidepressants and anti-epileptic medication are prescribed. It has also been reported that very cold or hot beverages can trigger an esophageal spasm. Avoidance therapy...
are more likely to have late onset epilepticspasms whilst males are prone to early onset spasms (infantile spasms). MICPCH is caused by pathogenic variants...
December, he showed sudden unprovoked movements compatible with infantile/epilepticspasms. An EEG performed on 16 December 2016 confirmed hypsarrhythmia. A further...
coverage for Fred III's then 18-month-old son, William, who suffered from epilepticspasms caused by cerebral palsy. In an interview with the New York Daily News...
special accommodations, and if so, what types. If an employer learns of an epileptic condition after making a decision to hire an employee, the employer is...
Because epileptic seizures typically include convulsions, the term convulsion is often used as a synonym for seizure. However, not all epileptic seizures...
Today, this syndrome is typically characterized by three findings: epilepticspasms, psychomotor retardation and electroencephalogram with a characteristic...
WJ; Sood, S; Asano, E (2015). "Surgical treatment for refractory epilepticspasms: The Detroit series". Epilepsia. 56 (12): 1941–9. doi:10.1111/epi.13221...
corpus callosum, the presence of retinal lacunes, and epileptic seizures in the form of infantile spasms. Other malformations of the brain and skeleton may...
French 17th century physician Jean Taxil refers to Aristotle's "famous epileptics". This list includes Heracles, Ajax, Bellerophon, Socrates, Plato, Empedocles...
Global Information