The State of Israel is one of the smallest countries in the world, around 20,000 sq. km, and has relatively few natural resources. Due to its limited space, semi-arid climate, high population growth and resource scarcity, Israel is highly susceptible to environmental crises.[1] These include water shortages and pollution, shrinking of the Dead Sea, waste production and disposal, air pollution and population density. As a result, resource development, in particular water, has benefited from relatively high government support throughout most of the country's history.[2] For example, Israel's water conservation and reclamation infrastructure is one of the most advanced in the world, with approximately half its water supply derived from reclaimed and treated waste water, brackish water and desalinated water.[3]
Additionally, Israel is party to several international agreements regarding air pollution and climate change, including the Kyoto Protocol, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and Montreal Protocol.[1][4] Despite having taken these steps, Israel's environment continues to suffer as a rapidly growing population and standard of living contributes to increasing Green House Gas emissions and air pollutants, reductions in natural and open spaces via urbanization, over-pumping of water sources beyond their replenishment rates and deterioration of water used for drinking and irrigation.[1][5][6]
^ abcHaran, Miriam; Samuels, Rana; Gabbay, Shoshana; Mingelgrin, Uri (1 November 2002). "Quality indicators of the state of chemical pollution in israel". Israel Journal of Chemistry. 42 (1): 119–132. doi:10.1560/QU9Q-XGF9-HUM6-DA61. ISSN 1869-5868.
^Tal, Alon (2002). Pollution in a Promised Land. University of California Press.
^"The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Retrieved 2023-12-18.
^Bar-Or, Yeshayahu; Matzner, Orna. "State of the Environment in Israel Indicators, Data and Trends 2010" (PDF). Israel Ministry of Environmental Protection. State of Israel Ministry of Environmental Protection Office of the Chief Scientist.
^Orenstein, Daniel E. (2004). "Population Growth and Environmental Impact: Ideology and Academic Discourse in Israel". Population and Environment. 26 (1): 41–60. doi:10.1023/B:POEN.0000039952.74913.53. S2CID 144223300.
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