Environmental impact of fracking in the United States information
Main articles: Environmental impact of fracking and Fracking in the United States
Schematic depiction of fracking for shale gas, showing potential environmental effects
Fracking
Shale gas drilling rig near Alvarado, Texas
Shale gas drilling rig near Alvarado, Texas
By country
Canada
New Zealand
South Africa
Ukraine
United Kingdom
United States
Environmental impact
Additives
United States
Regulation
U.S. federal law exemptions
Technology
Proppants
Uses of radioactivity
Politics
2012–14 Romanian protests against shale gas
Anti-fracking movement
FrackNation
Frack Off
Gasland
v
t
e
Environmental impact of fracking in the United States has been an issue of public concern, and includes the contamination of ground and surface water, methane emissions,[1] air pollution, migration of gases and fracking chemicals and radionuclides to the surface, the potential mishandling of solid waste, drill cuttings, increased seismicity and associated effects on human and ecosystem health.[2][3] Research has determined that human health is affected.[4][5] A number of instances with groundwater contamination have been documented due to well casing failures and illegal disposal practices,[6] including confirmation of chemical, physical, and psychosocial hazards such as pregnancy and birth outcomes, migraine headaches, chronic rhinosinusitis, severe fatigue, asthma exacerbations, and psychological stress.[7] While opponents of water safety regulation claim fracking has never caused any drinking water contamination,[8] adherence to regulation and safety procedures is required to avoid further negative impacts.[9]
As early as 1987, researchers at the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) expressed concern that fracking might contaminate groundwater.[10] With the growth of fracking in the United States in the following years, concern grew. "Public exposure to the many chemicals involved in energy development is expected to increase over the next few years, with uncertain consequences" wrote science writer Valerie Brown in 2007.[3] It wasn't until 2010 that Congress asked the EPA to conduct a full study of the environmental impact of fracking.[11] The study is ongoing, but the EPA released a progress report in December 2012 and released a final draft assessment report for peer review and comment in June 2015.[12]
^"Methane Leaks Wipe Out Any Climate Benefit of Fracking, Satellite Observations Confirm". ThinkProgress.
^Cite error: The named reference house1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference HeatOnGas was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Bamber, AM; Hasanali, SH; Nair, AS; Watkins, SM; Vigil, DI; Van Dyke, M; McMullin, TS; Richardson, K (15 June 2019). "A Systematic Review of the Epidemiologic Literature Assessing Health Outcomes in Populations Living near Oil and Natural Gas Operations: Study Quality and Future Recommendations". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16 (12): 2123. doi:10.3390/ijerph16122123. PMC 6616936. PMID 31208070.
^Wright, R; Muma, RD (May 2018). "High-Volume Hydraulic Fracturing and Human Health Outcomes: A Scoping Review". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 60 (5): 424–429. doi:10.1097/JOM.0000000000001278. PMID 29370009. S2CID 13653132.
^Fischetti, Mark (August 20, 2013). "Groundwater Contamination May End the Gas-Fracking Boom". Scientific American. Vol. 309, no. 3.
^Gorski, Irena; Schwartz, Brian S. (25 February 2019). "Environmental Health Concerns From Unconventional Natural Gas Development". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Global Public Health. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190632366.013.44. ISBN 9780190632366. Retrieved 20 February 2020.
^Cite error: The named reference AutoZV-21 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Costa, D; Jesus, J; Branco, D; Danko, A; Fiúza, A (June 2017). "Extensive review of shale gas environmental impacts from scientific literature (2010-2015)". Environmental Science and Pollution Research International. 24 (17): 14579–14594. doi:10.1007/s11356-017-8970-0. PMID 28452035. S2CID 36554832.
^Cite error: The named reference Urbina 03Aug2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"The Debate Over the Hydrofracking Study's Scope - Document - NYTimes.com". archive.nytimes.com. Retrieved Apr 14, 2020.
^"Unconventional Oil and Natural Gas Development". 2013-01-15.
and 28 Related for: Environmental impact of fracking in the United States information
Theenvironmentalimpactoffracking is related to land use and water consumption, air emissions, including methane emissions, brine and fracturing fluid...
Action on Fylde Fracking, Ribble Estuary Against Fracking, NO Frackingin Sussex, Frack Free Fernhurst and The Vale Says No! Environmental NGOs Greenpeace...
Theenvironmentalimpactof concrete, its manufacture, and its applications, are complex, driven in part by direct impactsof construction and infrastructure...
Fracking has become a contentious environmental and health issue with Tunisia and France banning the practice and a de facto moratorium in place in Quebec...
Human impact on the environment (or anthropogenic environmentalimpact) refers to changes to biophysical environments and to ecosystems, biodiversity,...
the environment. Directional drilling Environmentalimpactof electricity generation Environmental effects of petroleum Fracking by country Fracking in...
Theenvironmental effects of pesticides describe the broad series of consequences of using pesticides. The unintended consequences of pesticides is one...
Theenvironmental effects of irrigation relate to the changes in quantity and quality of soil and water as a result of irrigation and the subsequent effects...
The term "UnitedStates," when used inthe geographical sense, refers to the contiguous UnitedStates (sometimes referred to as the Lower 48, including...
generated about 19.5% ofthe electricity at utility-scale facilities intheUnitedStatesin 2022, down from 38.6% in 2014 and 51% in 2001. In 2021, coal supplied...
had not fully accepted the Green New Deal. Biden did not plan to ban fracking but rather to outlaw new fracking on federal land. In a debate, Trump claimed...
TheEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) is an independent agency oftheUnitedStates government tasked with environmental protection matters. President...
Theenvironmental effect of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) is being investigated since at least the 1990s. PPCPs include substances...
provide reporting and enforcement mechanisms. TheUnitedStatesEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) is the federal agency responsible for creating and...
from the original on 2019-02-15. Retrieved 2021-02-06. Fry, Matthew; Briggle, Adam; Kincaid, Jordan (September 2015). "Fracking and environmental (in)justice...
aviation fuel (SAF). The International Air Transport Association (IATA) considers it a key element in reducing theenvironmentalimpactof aviation. Aviation...
releases highlight theenvironmentalimpactsof coal and the cost of addressing them with control technologies. The use offrackingin natural gas exploration...
place inthe Pittsburgh area, although the setting is upstate New York. Fossil fuels FrackingintheUnitedStates Natural gas intheUnitedStates Petroleum...
formations in British Columbia would not be possible without fracking technology. Fracking has revitalized legacy oilfields. "Hydraulic fracturing of horizontal...
Theenvironmental effects of paper are significant, which has led to changes in industry and behaviour at both business and personal levels. With the...
concerned about theimpactof these exotic animals on native plant populations and watersheds. Large tracts of public land intheUnitedStates are available...
TheUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as theUnited Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off...
drilling and fracking wastewater impoundments in Washington County that contaminated soil and groundwater. In 2010, theUnitedStatesEnvironmental Protection...
"Fracking ban upheld by French court". BBC. 11 October 2013. Retrieved 16 October 2013. Moore, Robbie. "Fracking, PR, and the Greening of Gas". The International...
Global Information
