A culture that existed in the Levant and Arabia between the last two Paleolithic periods
Emiran culture
50,000~40,000 BP
Tianyuan man
Niah man
Ust' man
Mousterian culture
Proto- Aurignacian
Deni- sova
Kara- Bom
Okladnikov
Bacho Kiro
Oase
Emiran culture
Shanidar
Bhimbetka caves
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Emiran and contemporary cultures c. 50,000-40,000 BP
Geographical range
Levant, Arabia
Period
Upper Paleolithic
Dates
about 60,000–40,000 cal B.P.[1][2]
Preceded by
Mousterian, Aterian
Followed by
Bohunician, Ahmarian, Levantine Aurignacian
Expansion of early modern humans from Africa through the Levant.
The Paleolithic
↑ Pliocene (before Homo)
Lower Paleolithic (c. 3.3 Ma – 300 ka)
Lomekwi (3.3 Ma)
Oldowan (2.6–1.7 Ma)
Acheulean (1.76–0.13 Ma)
Madrasian (1.5 Ma)
Soanian (500–130 ka)
Clactonian (424–400 ka)
Mugharan (400–220 ka)
Middle Paleolithic (c. 300–50 ka)
Mousterian (160–40 ka)
Aterian (145–20 ka)
Micoquien (130–70 ka)
Sangoan (130–10 ka)
Upper Paleolithic (c. 50–12 ka)
Initial Upper Paleolithic
Fertile Crescent:
Emiran (50–40 ka)
Ahmarian (46–42 ka)
Baradostian (36–18 ka)
Aurignacian (35–29 ka)
Zarzian (20–10 ka)
Kebaran (18–12.5 ka)
Trialetian (16–8 ka)
Natufian (14.5–11.5 ka)
Khiamian (12.2–10.8 ka)
Europe:
Bohunician (48–40 ka)
Châtelperronian (44.5–36 ka)
Lincombian-Ranisian-Jerzmanowician (43–32 ka)
Aurignacian (43–26 ka)
Szeletian (41,000-37,000)
Périgordian (35–20 ka)
Gravettian (33–24 ka)
Pavlovian (29–25 ka)
Solutrean (22–17 ka)
Epigravettian (20–10 ka)
Magdalenian (17–12 ka)
Hamburg (15.5–13.1 ka)
Federmesser (14–12.8 ka)
Azilian (14–10 ka)
Ahrensburg (13–12 ka)
Swiderian (11–8 ka)
Africa:
Khormusan (42–18 ka)
Iberomaurusian (25–11 ka)
Mushabian
Halfan (22–14 ka)
Qadan (15—11 ka)
Sebilian (15–11 ka)
Eburran (15–5 ka)
Magosian (10–8 ka)
Siberia:
Mal'ta–Buret' (24–15 ka)
Afontova Gora (21–12 ka}
↓ Mesolithic
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Emiran culture was a culture that existed in the Levant (Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Jordan and Arabia) between the Middle Paleolithic and the Upper Paleolithic periods. It is the oldest known of the Upper Paleolithic cultures and remains an enigma as it transitionally has no clear African progenitor.[3] This has led some scholars to conclude that the Emiran is indigenous to the Levant.[4] However, some argue that it reflects broader technological trends observed earlier in North Africa, at older sites like Taramsa 1 in Egypt, "which contains modern human remains dated to 75,000 years ago".[5]
^Rose, Jeffrey I.; Marks, Anthony E. (2014). ""Out of Arabia" and the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition in the Southern Levant". Quartär. 61: 49–85. doi:10.7485/qu61_03.
^Bosch, Marjolein D. (April 30, 2015). "New chronology for Ksâr 'Akil (Lebanon) supports Levantine route of modern human dispersal into Europe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (25): 7683–7688. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.7683B. doi:10.1073/pnas.1501529112. PMC 4485136. PMID 26034284.
^Marks, Anthony; Rose, Jeff. "Through a prism of paradigms: a century of research into the origins of the Upper Palaeolithic in the Levant". In "Modes de contacts et de déplacements au Paléolithique Eurasiatique" – via www.academia.edu.
^Douka, Katerina (2013). "Exploring "the great wilderness of prehistory": The chronology of the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic transition in the northern Levant". Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte. 22: 11–40 – via www.academia.edu.
^Hoffecker, John (2009). "The spread of modern humans in Europe". PNAS. 106 (38): 16040–16045. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903446106. PMC 2752585. PMID 19571003.
Emiran culture was a culture that existed in the Levant (Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, Jordan and Arabia) between the Middle Paleolithic and the Upper Paleolithic...
000–42,000 years before present (BP) and thought to be related to Levantine Emiran and younger European Aurignacian cultures. The word "Ahmarian" was adopted...
Upper Paleolithic culture of the Near-Eastern Levant that evolved from the Emiran culture. It was named so because of the similarity of stone tools with the...
Upper Paleolithic developed in Europe some time after the Levant, where the Emiran period and the Ahmarian period form the first periods of the Upper Paleolithic...
industry beginning 48,000 years ago, likely deriving from the Levantine Emiran industry, and the earliest bones in Europe date to roughly 45–43,000 years...
the Uluzzian (Italy). Bohunician assemblages are considered similar to Emiran and Ahmarian ones and Bohunician culture may be linked to them. For this...
des Contrebandiers, Mugharet el Aliya, Uan Tabu, Adrar Bous, Bir Tarfawi Preceded by Mousterian Followed by Emiran, Ahmarian, Khormusan, Iberomaurusian...
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