The Ahmarian culture[1][2][3][4][5][6] was a Paleolithic archeological industry in the Levant dated at 46,000–42,000 years before present (BP) and thought to be related to Levantine Emiran and younger European Aurignacian cultures.
The word "Ahmarian" was adopted from the archaeological site of Erq el-Ahmar (also written Erk el Ahmar), West Bank, Palestine, a rockshelter in the Judean Desert in the northern Dead Sea Rift.[7] It was explored and excavated by French Prehistorian René Neuville in 1951.[8] The "Ahmarian" category had only been recognized since the 1980s, and was previously designated as "Phase II Upper Paleolithic" or "Ksar Akil Phase B".[9][10]
^"Archaeologists carbon dated a cave in Israel to reveal details about the two first modern human cultures". Newsweek. 28 December 2017.
^Kadowaki, Seiji; Omori, Takayuki; Nishiaki, Yoshihiro (2015). "Variability in Early Ahmarian lithic technology and its implications for the model of a Levantine origin of the Protoaurignacian". Journal of Human Evolution. 82: 67–87. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.02.017. PMID 25924809.
^Goring-Morris, Nigel; Belfer-Cohen, Anna (2018). "The Ahmarian in the Context of the Earlier Upper Palaeolithic in the Near East". The Middle and Upper Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond. pp. 87–104. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6826-3_7. ISBN 978-981-10-6825-6.
^Gilead, Isaac (1991). "The Upper Paleolithic period in the Levant". Journal of World Prehistory. 5 (2): 105–154. doi:10.1007/BF00974677. S2CID 163984548.
^Akazawa, Takeru; Nishiaki, Yoshihiro; Aoki, Kenichi (16 December 2013). Dynamics of Learning in Neanderthals and Modern Humans Volume 1: Cultural Perspectives. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9784431545118 – via Google Books.
^Nishiaki, Yoshihiro; Akazawa, Takeru (6 December 2017). The Middle and Upper Paleolithic Archeology of the Levant and Beyond. Springer. ISBN 9789811068263.
^Marder, Ofer; Yeshurun, Reuven; Smithline, Howard; Ackermann, Oren; Mayer, Daniella E. Bar-Yosef; Belfer-Cohen, Anna; Grosman, Leore; Hershkovitz, Israel; Klein, Noa, "Hof Shahaf", Natufian Foragers in the Levant, Berghahn Books, pp. 505–526, doi:10.2307/j.ctv8bt33h.35, retrieved 2023-12-19
^Shea, John J. (2013). Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East: A Guide. Cambridge University Press. pp. 152–153. ISBN 9781107006980.
^Shea, John J. (2013). Stone Tools in the Paleolithic and Neolithic Near East: A Guide. Cambridge University Press. p. 154. ISBN 9781107006980.
^Shea, John. (PDF) Selected Figures from Chapter 5. Upper Paleolithic | John Shea - Academia.edu.
The Ahmarian culture was a Paleolithic archeological industry in the Levant dated at 46,000–42,000 years before present (BP) and thought to be related...
The Levantine Aurignacian follows chronologically the Emiran and Early Ahmarian in the same area of the Near East, and closely related to them. The carving...
Châtelperronian culture of Western Europe. The Emiran eventually evolved into the Ahmarian, and later the Levantine Aurignacian culture (formerly called Antelian)...
in Europe some time after the Levant, where the Emiran period and the Ahmarian period form the first periods of the Upper Paleolithic, corresponding to...
technologies is made by the Aurignacian culture, originating in the Levant (Ahmarian) and Hungary (first full Aurignacian). By 35,000 BC, the Aurignacian culture...
Uluzzian (Italy). Bohunician assemblages are considered similar to Emiran and Ahmarian ones and Bohunician culture may be linked to them. For this reason, it...
Period Upper Paleolithic Dates c. 23,000 – c. 15,000 BP Type site Kebara Cave Preceded by Ahmarian Levantine Aurignacian Followed by Natufian culture...
des Contrebandiers, Mugharet el Aliya, Uan Tabu, Adrar Bous, Bir Tarfawi Preceded by Mousterian Followed by Emiran, Ahmarian, Khormusan, Iberomaurusian...
and by c. 40,000 BC the region was occupied by the Levanto-Aurignacian Ahmarian culture, lasting from 39,000 to 24,000 BC. This culture was quite successful...
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