The Eifel hotspot is a volcanic hotspot in Western Germany. It is one of many recent volcanic formations in and around the Eifel mountain range and includes the volcanic field known as Volcanic Eifel. Although the last eruption occurred around 10,000 years ago, the presence of escaping volcanic gases in the region indicates that it is still weakly active.
There are two competing theories concerning the origin of volcanic activity in the area. The conventional view is that the province is underlain by a mantle plume.[2][3] Support for a plume origin includes petrological, geochemical, and isotopic evidence indicating a deep-mantle source,[4][3] seismic anomalies in the upper and lower mantle,[5][6][7][8] and geodetic evidence of large-scale uplift and extension which suggests a buoyant plume.[9]
Recently, some scientists have highlighted that certain characteristics associated with mantle plumes such as precursory uplift, time-progressive volcanism, and continuity between seismic anomalies in the upper and lower mantle are lacking. They have thus argued instead for a tectonic origin consisting of passive melting due to lithospheric and crustal extension and shallow convective processes involving the ongoing subduction of the Eurasian Plate as part of the Alpine orogeny.[10][11][12]
^"Schalkenmehrener Maar" (in German). Natur- und Geopark Vulkaneifel GmbH. 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
^Ritter, J.R.R.; Jordan, M.; Christensen, U.R.; Achauer, U. (2001). "A mantle plume below the Eifel volcanic fields, Germany". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 186 (1): 7–14. Bibcode:2001E&PSL.186....7R. doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00226-6.
^ abSchmincke, H.U. (2007). "The Quaternary Volcanic Fields of the East and West Eifel (Germany)". In Ritter, J.R.R.; Christensen, U.R. (eds.). Mantle plumes – A multidisciplinary approach. Springer. pp. 241–322. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68046-8_8. ISBN 978-3-540-68045-1.
^Wedepohl, K.H.; Baumann, A. (1999). "Central European Cenozoic plume volcanism with OIB characteristics and indications of a lower mantle source". Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology. 136 (3): 225–239. Bibcode:1999CoMP..136..225W. doi:10.1007/s004100050534. S2CID 128608750.
^Walker, K.T.; Bokelmann, G.H.R.; Klemperer, S.L.; Bock, G. (2005). "Shear-wave splitting around the Eifel hotspot: Evidence for a mantle upwelling". Geophysical Journal International. 163 (3): 962–980. Bibcode:2005GeoJI.163..962W. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02636.x.
^Pilidoua, S.; Priestley, K.; Debayle, E.; Gudmundsson, O. (2005). "Rayleigh wave tomography in the North Atlantic: High resolution images of the Iceland, Azores and Eifel mantle plumes". Lithos. 79 (3–4): 453–474. Bibcode:2005Litho..79..453P. doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2004.09.012.
^Ritter, J.R.R. (2007). "The seismic signature of the Eifel plume". In Ritter, J.R.R.; Christensen, U.R. (eds.). Mantle plumes – A multidisciplinary approach. Springer. pp. 379–404. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-68046-8_12. ISBN 978-3-540-68045-1.
^Zhao, D. (2007). "Seismic images under 60 hotspots: Search for mantle plumes". Gondwana Research. 12 (4): 335–355. Bibcode:2007GondR..12..335Z. doi:10.1016/j.gr.2007.03.001.
^Corné Kreemer; Geoffrey Blewitt; Paul M. Davis. (2020). "Geodetic evidence for a buoyant mantle plume beneath the Eifel volcanic area, NW Europe". Geophysical Journal International. 222 (2): 1316–1332. doi:10.1093/gji/ggaa227.
^Regenauer-Lieb, K. (1998). "Dilatant plasticity applied to Alpine collision: Ductile void growth in the intraplate area beneath the Eifel volcanic field". Journal of Geodynamics. 27 (1): 1–21. Bibcode:1998JGeo...27....1R. doi:10.1016/S0264-3707(97)00024-0.
^Lustrino, M.; Carminati, E. (2007). "Phantom plumes in Europe and the circum-Mediterranean region". In Foulger, G.R.; Jurdy, D.M. (eds.). Plates, plumes, and planetary processes: Geological Society of America Special Paper 430. Geological Society of America. pp. 723–745. doi:10.1130/2007.2430(33). ISBN 9780813724300.
7 (Eifelhotspot) The Eifelhotspot is a volcanic hotspot in Western Germany. It is one of many recent volcanic formations in and around the Eifel mountain...
Eifel Club List of mountains and hills of the Eifel Eifeler Regel High Eifel North Eifel South Eifel West Eifel Belgian Eifel Rur Eifel Schnee Eifel Volcanic...
hotspot as magma source. 2.588 ± 0.005 million years BP, the Quaternary period and Pleistocene epoch begin. Eifelhotspot, Laacher See, Vulkan Eifel,...
"Discovery of two new super-eruptions from the Yellowstone hotspot track (USA): Is the Yellowstone hotspot waning?". Geology. 48 (9): 934–938. Bibcode:2020Geo...
Eurasian plates. Yet, the Eifel volcanism, which started in the East Eifel volcanic field around 450,000 BC, is the result of a hotspot. The initial blasts...
Sunda Arc; Mount Meager massif, Garibaldi Volcanic Belt; Yellowstone hotspot, Wyoming; and Taupō Volcanic Zone, greater than VEI 4. The eruptions in...
Greenland, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the Ural Mountains, the Pyrenees, Italy, Eifel and Kaiserstuhl in Germany, Brazil, the Transvaal region, the Magnet Cove...
rift zones, or in ocean basins. Intraplate volcanoes are clustered along hotspot traces. Within regions of volcanic activity, volcanic fields are clusters...
outbreak, and in one case appear to have recovered. Some localities in the Eifel Mountains where fire salamanders were previously known from appear to now...
Rhine-Westphalia and Rhineland-Palatinate, with the core of its range being in the Eifel Mountains, where it has caused landscape-scale declines of fire salamanders...
published by Marom et al. (2022). A study on the abundance of megafauna from Eifel (Germany) during the last 60,000 years is published by Sirocko et al. (2022)...