Effect of psychoactive drugs on animals information
This article is about the results of animal testing. For intentional use of drugs by animals, see Zoopharmacognosy and Recreational drug use in animals.
Drugs administered to a spider affect its ability to build a web.[1] Webs produced under the influence of small doses of LSD (omitted in this image) show increased regularity.[2]Caffeine has a significant effect on spiders, which is reflected in the construction of their webs.[1]
Psychoactive drugs, such as caffeine, amphetamine, mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), cannabis, chloral hydrate, theophylline, IBMX and others, can have strong effects on certain animals. It is believed that plants developed caffeine as a chemical defense against insects.[3]
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^Ashihara, Hiroshi; Crozier, Alan (2001-09-01). "Caffeine: a well known but little mentioned compound in plant science". Trends in Plant Science. 6 (9): 407–413. doi:10.1016/S1360-1385(01)02055-6. PMID 11544129.
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Alternatives to Animal Testing at the Johns Hopkins University and the NC3Rs in the UK. Bateson's cube Effectofpsychoactivedrugsonanimals Human subject...
consciousness, cognition or behavior. Many of these plants are used intentionally as psychoactivedrugs, for medicinal, religious, and/or recreational...
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in standard drug tests. Designer drugs include psychoactive substances that have been designated by the European Union as new psychoactive substances (NPS)...
psychological function is referred to as "drugeffect". These drugs may originate from natural sources such as plants and animals, or from artificial sources such...
catchphrase for the often observed effect that the use of a psychoactive substance is coupled to an increased probability of the use of further substances. Possible...
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All drugs can have potential side effects. Abuse of several psychoactivedrugs can cause addiction and/or physical dependence. Excessive use of stimulants...
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Ayahuasca is a South American psychoactive brew, traditionally used by Indigenous cultures and folk healers in the Amazon and Orinoco basins for spiritual...
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intake of pharmaceutical or recreational drugs. In order for the symptoms of withdrawal to occur, one must have first developed a form ofdrug dependence...
purpose or pastime. When a psychoactivedrug enters the user's body, it induces an intoxicating effect. Recreational drugs are commonly divided into three...
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study of the biochemical and physiologic effects ofdrugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs). The effects can include those manifested within animals (including...
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expressed positions on what is acceptable to consume as a means of intoxication for spiritual, pleasure, or medicinal purposes. Psychoactive substances may...
severe and dangerous drug-drug interactions with a wide range of both psychoactive, anti-psychotic, and non-psychoactivedrugs. As of 2017[update], MDMA...
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Council on the Misuse ofDrugs noted in 2011 that poppers, rather than being psychoactive substance or legal high, "appear to fall within the scope of The...
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