Practice of publicly funded construction projects as propaganda
This article is part of a series about Ferdinand Marcos
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Edifice complex
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The term "edifice complex"[1] was coined in the 1970s to describe Philippine First Lady Imelda Marcos' practice of using publicly funded construction projects as political and election propaganda.[1][2][3]
Built with a Brutalist architectural style,[4] perhaps to emphasize their grandiose character,[5][6] these construction projects were funded by foreign loans,[2] allowing the incumbent Marcos administration to create an impression of progress, but instead put the Philippines through a series of debt crises.[2] The first of the crises occurred in 1970, which many economic historians consider to have triggered the socioeconomic unrest which later led Marcos to impose martial law in 1972.[7][8][9]
The expression has also been generalized outside of the context of Imelda and Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines.
^ abLico, Gerard (2003). Edifice Complex: Power, Myth, and Marcos State Architecture. University of Hawaii Press.
^ abcRicardo., Manapat (1991). Some are smarter than others : the history of Marcos' crony capitalism. New York: Aletheia Publications. ISBN 9719128704. OCLC 28428684.
^de Villa, Kathleen (September 16, 2017). "Imelda Marcos and her 'edifice complex'". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on March 24, 2018. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
^"Leandro Locsin's Brutal Opera". Rogue. Rogue Media Inc. November 16, 2015. Archived from the original on January 25, 2017. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
^"The Powerful Imelda Marcos". Washington Post. January 18, 1981. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on July 11, 2018. Retrieved May 5, 2018.
^Afinidad-Bernardo, Deni Rose M. "31 Years of Amnesia: Edifice Complex". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on March 4, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2021.
^Balbosa, Joven Zamoras (1992). "IMF Stabilization Program and Economic Growth: The Case of the Philippines" (PDF). Journal of Philippine Development. XIX. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 16, 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
^Diola, Camille. "Debt, deprivation and spoils of dictatorship | 31 years of amnesia". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on June 26, 2017. Retrieved May 2, 2018.
^Balisacan, A. M.; Hill, Hal (2003). The Philippine Economy: Development, Policies, and Challenges. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195158984. Archived from the original on May 4, 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2022.
The term "edificecomplex" was coined in the 1970s to describe Philippine First Lady Imelda Marcos' practice of using publicly funded construction projects...
Imelda's "edificecomplex". A comprehensive master plan for the development of the complex was unveiled in 2003. The plan would divide the CCP Complex into...
– a propaganda practice, which eventually came to be known as her "edificecomplex". She and her husband stole billions of pesos from the Filipino people...
'edificecomplex'". Archived from the original on November 11, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2020. Lico, Gerard (January 30, 2003). EdificeComplex: Power...
called the Marcoses' "edificecomplex"—described by architectural historian Gerard Lico as "an obsession and compulsion to build edifices as a hallmark of...
the happiness or well-being of one or more of these individuals. The edificecomplex is a sense that with retirement comes the end of a legacy. More deeply...
referred to as the Marcoses' "edificecomplex," defined by architect Gerard Lico as "an obsession and compulsion to build edifices as a hallmark of greatness...
Center of the Philippines Complex in Pasay, Philippines. The structure was designed by architect Froilan Hong where its edifice is supported on more than...
structures built during the time of Marcos were associated with the "edificecomplex" of the Marcoses. In 1938, President Manuel L. Quezon made a decision...
poverty and corruption, was seen as symptomatic of the First Lady's edificecomplex, a charge Imelda has nevertheless welcomed in her later years. The...
with Mrs. Marcos' edificecomplex, a term popularized by an architectural historian as the "obsession and compulsion to build edifices as a hallmark of...
"Masagana 99, Nutribun, and Imelda's 'edificecomplex' of hospitals". GMA News. Lico, Gerard (2003). EdificeComplex: Power, Myth, and Marcos State Architecture...
Cultural Center of the Philippines complex, has been associated with what has been termed Imelda Marcos' "edificecomplex," which one writer defined as "obsession...
referred to as the Marcoses' "edificecomplex," defined by architect Gerard Lico as "an obsession and compulsion to build edifices as a hallmark of greatness...
of media driven policies, "arse-covering" and superficial treatment of complex issues were "remarkably accurate", noting that the Melbourne 2am Lockout...
A building or edifice is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls, usually standing permanently in one place, such as a house or factory. Buildings...
GMA News (September 20, 2012). "Masagana 99, Nutribun, and Imelda's 'edificecomplex' of hospitals". Bulatlat.com ; Mineral Policy Institute, Chronology...
2017. Retrieved May 2, 2018. "Masagana 99, Nutribun, and Imelda's 'edificecomplex' of hospitals". GMA News and Public Affairs. January 22, 2016. Retrieved...
Philippines complex, also marked the beginning of what critics would call Ferdinand Marcos and First Lady Imelda Marcos' Edificecomplex, with grand public...
and nature of these departments may have changed since 1992.) The EdificeComplex: The Architecture of Power, By Deyan Sudjic, Penguin, April 7, 2011...
state of New York. (Some of his detractors claimed that he had an "EdificeComplex.") He was personally interested in the planning, design, and construction...
this was the time when former employees of the network were inside the complex on after 14 years of closure since Marcos took it over during the Martial...
Gujaratis in the West: Evolving Identities in Contemporary Society, Ch. 4: EdificeComplex: Swaminarayan Bodies and Buildings in the Diaspora. Newcastle, UK:...
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