90% in industry and other non-agricultural sectors; 10% of GNP in agriculture (1987)[1]
Gini coefficient
0.185 (1990)
Labour force
8,960,000 (1987)[1]
Labour force by occupation
37.5% industry, 21.1% services, 10.8% agriculture and forestry, 10.3% commerce, 7.4% transport and communications, 6.6% construction, 3.1% handicrafts, 3.2% other (1987)[1]
Main industries
Motor vehicles, Heavy industry, Electronics, Steel,
Light industry, Defense
External
Exports
$30.7 billion (1988)[1]
Export goods
Machinery, transport equipment, fuel, metals, consumer goods, chemical products, building materials, semi manufactured goods and processed foodstuffs (1988)[1]
Main export partners
USSR, Czechoslovakia, Poland, West Germany, Hungary, Bulgaria, Switzerland, Romania (1988)[1]
Imports
$31.0 billion (1988)[1]
Import goods
Fuels, metals, machinery, transport equipment, chemical products and building materials (1988)[1]
Main import partners
CMEA countries 65%, non-Communist countries 33%, other 2% (1988)[1]
Gross external debt
$20.6 billion (1989)[1]
Public finances
Revenues
$123.5 billion (1986)[1]
Expenses
$123.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $33 billion (1986)[1]
Economic aid
$4.0 billion extended bilaterally to non-Communist and less developed countries (1956-1988)[1]
All values, unless otherwise stated, are in US dollars.
Economic activity in East Germany
The economy of the German Democratic Republic (East Germany; GDR, DDR) was a command economy following the model of the Soviet Union based on the principles of Marxism-Leninism. Sharing many characteristics with fellow COMECON member states — the East German economy stood in stark contrast to the market and mixed economies of Western Europe, including West Germany. The state established production targets, set prices, and also allocated resources, codifying these decisions in comprehensive plans. The means of production were almost entirely state-owned. The GDR had an above-average standard of living compared to other Eastern Bloc countries or the Soviet Union, and enjoyed favorable duty and tariff terms with the West German market; in 1989, it was estimated that 50 to 60% of its trade was with Western countries. However by the mid-1980s its economy had reached a state of stagnation,[3] contributing to the process of German reunification.
^ abcdefghijklmnopq"CIA 1990". CIA World Factbook, UMSL. Archived from the original on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2017-01-22.
^ ab"CIA 1990 list". CIA World Factbook.
^"East Germany Losing Its Edge". The New York Times. 15 May 1989. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
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