Discrimination against Mayans in Guatemala information
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The Mayan community makes up 51% of the population of Guatemala. Although a few dozen cultural groups inhabited the area, they were considered one Mayan culture under the Spanish Empire. Under colonial Spanish rule, the Mayan people were forced to leave their homelands, work as slaves for the Spanish colonists, and convert to Christianity.[1]
Although Spanish colonial rule in Guatemala ended in 1821, the oppression of the Mayan community continued.[2] Following independence, the Ladino community took control of the social, economic, and political hierarchies within Guatemala.[3] Throughout the seventeenth century, the Ladino population forced the indigenous communities to be forms of slaves or cheap labor, to give up their lands, and assimilate into Guatemalan society.[3]
While there was social relief for the Mayan community in the mid-eighteenth century, this was ended by the 1954 U.S-backed military coup that directly led to the Guatemalan Civil War,[2][4][5] which is now widely considered a genocide carried out by the Guatemalan government against the Mayan population.[2]
Although the Civil War ended with the 1996 Peace Accords, Mayan oppression within Guatemala still continues through the economic, social, and political disparities the indigenous peoples face.[2] While the Pan-Mayan movement has attempted to establish equality for the Mayan people, there is still debate over the amount of success the movement has achieved.[4]
^Grandin, Greg; et al. (2011). "Invasion and Colonialism". The Guatemala reader: history, culture, politics. Durham, N.C: Duke University Press. pp. 39–101. ISBN 978-0822394679.
^ abcdOglesby, Elizabeth (2015). "Guatemalan Genocide". Modern Genocide: The Definitive Resource and Document Collection. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, LLC. pp. 877–889. ISBN 9781610693646.
^ abGrandin, Greg; et al. (2011). "A Caffeinated Modernism". The Guatemala reader: history, culture, politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp. 107–192. ISBN 978-0822394679.
^ abKowalik, Kyrie Anne (2014). "The Pan-Mayan Movement: Then and Now". ProQuest. University of New Hampshire: 1–55 – via ProQuest Dissertations.
^Kubota, Yuichi (2017). "Explaining State Violence in the Guatemalan Civil War: Rebel Threat and Counterinsurgency". Latin American Politics and Society. 59 (2): 48–71. doi:10.1111/laps.12026. S2CID 158930037 – via Wiley Subscription Services, Inc.
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