Map of northern Egypt showing the location of the Tura quarries, Giza, and the find-spot of the Diary of Merer
The Diary of Merer (also known as Papyrus Jarf) is the name for papyrus logbooks written over 4,500 years ago by Merer, a middle-ranking official with the title inspector (sḥḏ, sehedj). They are the oldest known papyri with text, dating to the 27th year of the reign of pharaoh Khufu during the 4th dynasty.[1]
The text, written with (hieratic) hieroglyphs, mostly consists of lists of the daily activities of Merer and his crew. The best preserved sections (Papyrus Jarf A and B) document the transportation of white limestone blocks from the Tura quarries to Giza by boat.
Buried in front of man-made caves that served to store the boats at Wadi al-Jarf on the Red Sea coast, the papyri were found and excavated in 2013 by a French mission under the direction of archaeologists Pierre Tallet of Paris-Sorbonne University and Gregory Marouard.[2][3][4][5] A popular account on the importance of this discovery was published by Pierre Tallet and Mark Lehner, calling the corpus "Red Sea scrolls".[6]
The Egyptian archaeologist Zahi Hawass describes the Diary of Merer as "the greatest discovery in Egypt in the 21st century."[1] Parts of the papyri are exhibited at the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.[7]
^ abCite error: The named reference Smithsonian was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"4,500-year-old harbor structures and papyrus texts unearthed in Egypt". NBC News. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
^"Story of the Pyramid builders revealed in 4500-yr-old papyri". CatchNews.com. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
^"A 4,500 Year Old Papyrus Holds the Answer to How the Great Pyramid Was Built". interestingengineering.com. 2017-09-25. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
^"Revealed: 4,500-year-old Papyrus that details the construction of the Great Pyramid – Mysterious Earth". Archived from the original on 2020-11-16. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
^Tallet, Pierre; Lehner, Mark (2021). The Red Sea scrolls: how ancient papyri reveal the secrets of the pyramids. London New York, New York: Thames & Hudson Ltd. ISBN 978-0-500-05211-2.
^Stille, Alexander (2015). "The Power and the Glory". Smithsonian. 46 (6): 6.
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