Democratic Front of Cabinda (Portuguese: Frente Democrática de Cabinda; abbreviated to FDC) is a separatist rebel group that fights for the independence of Cabinda province from Angola.[1]
Cabindan rebels kidnapped and ransomed off foreign oil workers throughout the 1990s to in turn finance further attacks against the national government. Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC) militants stopped buses, forcing Chevron Oil workers out, and setting fire to the buses on March 27 and April 23, 1992. A large scale battle took place between FLEC and police in Malongo on May 14 in which 25 mortar rounds accidentally hit a nearby Chevron compound.[2] The government, fearing the loss of their prime source of revenue, began to negotiate with representatives from Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda-Renewal (FLEC-R), Armed Forces of Cabinda (FLEC-FAC), and the Democratic Front of Cabinda (FDC) in 1995. Patronage and bribery failed to assuage the anger of FLEC-R and FLEC-FAC and negotiations ended. In February 1997, FLEC-FAC kidnapped two Inwangsa SDN-timber company employees, killing one and releasing the other after receiving a US$400,000 ransom. FLEC-FLAC kidnapped 11 people in April 1998, nine Angolans and two Portuguese, released for a US$500,000 ransom. FLEC-R kidnapped five Byansol oil engineering employees, two Frenchman, two Portuguese, and an Angolan, on March, 1999. While militants released the Angolan, the government complicated the situation by promising the rebel leadership $12.5 million for the hostages. When António Bento Bembe, the President of FLEC-R, showed up, the Angolan army arrested him and his bodyguards. The Angolan army later forcibly freed the other hostages on July 7. By the end of the year, the government had arrested the leadership of all three rebel organizations.[3]
In addition to FDC's war against the Angolan government, the government was also opposed by a United States-supported rebel movement, UNITA, led by Jonas Savimbi, which was involved in military conflict in the Angolan Civil War from 1975 until Savimbi was killed in combat by government troops in 2002.
^BO Luanda/SAO Pretoria (1998). "Current Situation in Angola, Eligibility of Angolan Asylum Seekers and Treatment of Returnees". United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Archived from the original on June 12, 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-27.
^Significant Incidents of Political Violence Against Americans 1992. DIANE Publishing. p. 20.
^Vines, Alex (1999). Angola Unravels: The Rise and Fall of the Lusaka Peace Process. Human Rights Watch (Organization). pp. 39–40.
and 23 Related for: Democratic Front of Cabinda information
DemocraticFrontofCabinda (Portuguese: Frente Democrática de Cabinda; abbreviated to FDC) is a separatist rebel group that fights for the independence...
living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; however, after the 2007 peace agreement, refugees started returning to their homes. Cabinda is separated...
The Cabinda War is an ongoing separatist insurgency, waged by the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave ofCabinda (FLEC) against the government of Angola...
which Angola considers its Cabinda Province property. The Front for the Liberation of the State ofCabinda-Exército de Cabinda (FLEC) claimed sovereignty...
Congolese DemocraticFront, a political party in the Republic of the Congo DemocraticFrontofCabinda (Portuguese: Frente Democratica de Cabinda), a rebel...
Angolan War of Independence, played almost no role in the Civil War. Additionally, the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave ofCabinda (FLEC), an association...
(member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization) Political party: Frente para a Libertação do Enclave de Cabinda (FLEC), Liberation Frontof the...
list of heads of state ofCabinda. A short-lived secessionist regime in the Cabinda enclave of Angola. Note: The current president of the Republic of Cabinda...
Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, South Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania (across Lake Tanganyika), Zambia, Angola, the Cabinda exclave...
an exclave province, the province ofCabinda, that borders the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The capital and most populous...
province ofCabinda on the way to the 2010 Africa Cup of Nations tournament, two days before it began in Angola. A little-known offshoot of the Front for the...
of each other and lacked training. The treaty, to which the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave ofCabinda (FLEC) never agreed, described Cabinda...
Armed Forces ofCabinda (FLEC-FAC), and the DemocraticFrontofCabinda (FDC) in 1995. Patronage and bribery failed to assuage the anger of FLEC-R and FLEC-FAC...
ofCabinda (Comité Communista de Cabinda) Communist Organization of Angola (Organização Comunista de Angola) DemocraticFront for the Liberation of Angola...
Bantu language. It is a national language in Republic of the Congo and Democratic Republic of the Congo. Kituba is known by many names among its speakers...
town, apart from the Cabinda exclave.[citation needed] In 1575, the settlement of Luanda was established on the coast south of the Kongo Kingdom. In...
the Democratic Republic of the Congo to its north; the Cabinda enclave is surrounded by the Republic of the Congo to its north and the Democratic Republic...
assisted the MPLA in repressing separatists from the Front for the Liberation of the Enclave ofCabinda (FLEC). By 1976, the Cuban military presence in Angola...
Forças Armadas de Cabinda, an Angolan paramilitary group Forces Armées Congolaise, now the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo Forward...
Kasaï ; North of Angola : Kikongo (Kisikongo, Zombo, Ibinda, etc.) : Cabinda, Uíge, Zaire, north of Bengo and north of Cuanza Norte; South-West of Gabon. Kikongo...
from the original on 26 January 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2019. "UNPO: Cabinda". UNPO. 6 June 2018. Archived from the original on 5 October 2022. Retrieved...