Democracy protesters on 13 January 2008 demanding universal suffrage by 2012
Date
1952 – ongoing
Location
Hong Kong
Participants
HK Government, HK Legislative Council, pro-democracy camp, people of Hong Kong
Democracy in Hong Kong
Traditional Chinese
香港民主運動
Simplified Chinese
香港民主运动
Hanyu Pinyin
Xiānggǎng Mínzhǔ Yùndòng
Bopomofo
ㄒㄧㄤ ㄍㄤˇ ㄇㄧㄣˊ ㄓㄨˇ ㄩㄣˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
Wade–Giles
Hsiang1-kang3 Min2-chu3 Yun4-tung4
Tongyong Pinyin
Sianggǎng Mín-jhǔ Yùn-dòng
IPA
[ɕjáŋ.kàŋ mǐn.ʈʂù ŷn.tʊ̂ŋ]
Yale Romanization
Hēung góng màhn jyú wahn duhng
Jyutping
hoeng1 gong2 man4 zyu2 wan6 dung6
IPA
[hœːŋ˥ kɔːŋ˧˥ mɐn˩ tsyː˧˥ wɐn˨ toŋ˨]
Democratic reforms in Hong Kong did not seriously begin until 1984 and has faced significant challenges since 2014. The one country, two systems principle allows Hong Kong to enjoy high autonomy in all areas besides foreign relations and defence, which are responsibilities of the central government. Hong Kong's Basic Law allows residents to vote for local district councillors and directly elect about half of the region's legislators (LegCo) at the time.
Historically, Hong Kong was never an electoral democracy. In 1984, British and Chinese officials held discussions regarding indirect elections to the LegCo, but more comprehensive reforms were forestalled by Beijing until the handover of Hong Kong in 1997. While the number of elected seats has increased, a 2014 NPCSC proposal for direct voting for the Chief Executive of Hong Kong in 2017 as long as the candidates are nominated by a committee was feared by critics to be too favorable to Beijing. Disaffected students triggered the ensuing Umbrella or Occupy Movement. Afterwards, democratic development was no longer prioritized by the Hong Kong government.
In the wake of the 2019 anti-government protests and the 2019 District Council election landslide, the National People's Congress of China voted in March 2021 to amend Annex I and II of the Basic Law, overhauling the electoral system in a move widely seen as a further reduction on the influence of the pro-democracy camp.
and 22 Related for: Democracy in Hong Kong information
region's legislators (LegCo) at the time. Historically, HongKong was never an electoral democracy. In 1984, British and Chinese officials held discussions...
interchangeably with Umbrella Movement, or Occupy Movement, occurred in HongKong from 26 September to 15 December 2014. The protests began after the Standing...
failure of the HongKong government to deliver "genuine democracy". Advocating for HongKong independence became illegal after the HongKong national security...
pro-democracy movement in colonial HongKong strengthened the feeling of difference between HongKong and mainland China. Since the 2010s, the HongKong nationalist...
national law of China on HongKong national security passed in 2020. It is implemented inHongKongin accordance to HongKong Basic Law Article 18, which...
Throughout the history of HongKong as a colony, dependent territory or occupied territory, it has had its own flag in almost all periods, but it has never...
The HongKong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019 (HKHRDA) (S. 1838; Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 116–76 (text) (PDF)) is a United States...
HongKong is a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China. With 7.4 million residents of various nationalities in a 1,104-square-kilometre...
The 2010 HongKongdemocracy protests reflected the growing force of the pro-democracy movement in the region, and were sparked by events that year including...
represented by the pro-democracy camp which strives for the universal suffrage, human rights and rule of law inHongKong. HongKong was established as a...
the main contributors to the pro-democracy camp, especially to the Democratic Party. Although he is known as a HongKong political figure, he has been a...
country in Asia according to V-Dem Democracy indices in 2023. HongKong was ranked 14th least electoral democracyin Asia according to V-Dem Democracy indices...
power centre of HongKong's hybrid representative democracy, though popular representation in the legislature has diminished significantly in recent years...
Cantonese Mandarin ) was a pro-democracy organisation that was established on 21 May 1989 in the then British colony of HongKong during the 1989 Tiananmen...
opposition with the installation of the HongKong national security law. By mid 2021, almost all leading pro-democracy legislators and activists had either...
the "Father of Democracy" inHongKong, he is recognised as one of the most prominent advocates for democracy and human rights inHongKong and China. A...
Jīfūng; born 13 October 1996) is a HongKong activist and politician. He served as secretary-general of the pro-democracy party Demosisto until it disbanded...
The politics of HongKong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by its quasi-constitutional document, the HongKong Basic Law, its...
The HongKong Trade Development Council (HKTDC) is a statutory body established in 1966 as the international marketing dedicated to creating opportunities...
of HongKong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China was at midnight on 1 July 1997. This event ended 156 years of British rule in the...
Global Information