Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act information
U.S. law on Hong Kong's autonomy and human rights
Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019
Long title
An act to amend the Hong Kong Policy Act of 1992 and for other purposes.
Enacted by
the 116th United States Congress
Effective
November 27, 2019
Citations
Public law
Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 116–76 (text) (PDF)
Statutes at Large
113 Stat. 1161
Codification
Acts amended
United States–Hong Kong Policy Act
U.S.C. sections created
22 U.S.C. §§ 5725–5726
U.S.C. sections amended
22 U.S.C. § 5721
Legislative history
Introduced in the Senate as S. 1838 by Marco Rubio (R-FL) on June 13, 2019
Committee consideration by Senate Foreign Relations
Passed the Senate on November 19, 2019 (unanimous consent)
Passed the House on November 20, 2019 (417–1)
Signed into law by President Donald Trump on November 27, 2019
The Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019 (HKHRDA)[1] (S. 1838; Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 116–76 (text) (PDF)) is a United States federal law that requires the U.S. government to impose sanctions against mainland China and Hong Kong officials considered responsible for human rights abuses in Hong Kong, and requires the United States Department of State and other agencies to conduct an annual review to determine whether changes in Hong Kong's political status (its relationship with mainland China) justify changing the unique, favorable trade relations between the U.S. and Hong Kong.[2][3][4][5] The passage of the bill was supported by pro-democracy activists in Hong Kong,[2] and in 2019 received near-unanimous support in Congress.[6]
Initially introduced in 2014 following the Umbrella Movement and 2014 democracy protests in Hong Kong, the legislation was re-introduced to the next three successive Congresses, but did not gain a vote until 2019, following the 2019 Hong Kong extradition bill proposal and the ensuing protests against it.[7] A House version of the bill unanimously passed in the United States House of Representatives through a voice vote in October 2019.[8] In November 2019, the Senate version of the bill, with amendments that differ from the House bill,[9] unanimously passed the Senate on a voice vote.[10][11] The House accepted the Senate version of the bill later that month, sending it to the desk of President Donald Trump,[12] who signed it one week later.[13] The bill was accompanied by a companion bill restricting U.S. exports of crowd control devices to the Hong Kong police forces, which passed both chambers of Congress unanimously and signed by Trump on the same occasion.[14]
^Naomi Xu Elegant, The U.S. Senate Passed 2 Bills Supporting Hong Kong Protesters. But They Might Do More Harm Than Good Archived November 21, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Fortune (November 20, 2019).
^ abYaffe-Bellany, David; Rappeport, Alan (November 20, 2019). "U.S. Bill Supporting Hong Kong Rights Heads to Trump's Desk". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 21, 2019. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
^Cite error: The named reference Bill 3289 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Congressional Research Service. "S. 1838: Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019". Archived from the original on September 27, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2019 – via GovTrack.us. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Congressional Research Service. "H.R. 3289: Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019". Archived from the original on September 27, 2019. Retrieved September 27, 2019 – via GovTrack. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
^Simon Denyer & Tiffany Liang, China says Trump is on 'edge of precipice' as Hong Kong rights bill hits his desk Archived November 22, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Washington Post (November 21, 2019).
^Cite error: The named reference Brennan was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference reuters-seek was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Flatley, Daniel (November 19, 2019). "U.S. Senate Unanimously Passes Measure Backing Hong Kong". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on November 20, 2019. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
^Cite error: The named reference WSJSenate was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cowan, Richard; Zengerle, Patricia (November 19, 2019). "U.S. Senate passes HK rights bill backing protesters, angers Beijing". Reuters. Archived from the original on November 20, 2019. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
^Cowan, Richard; Zengerle, Patricia (November 20, 2019). "U.S. House passes Hong Kong human rights bills". Reuters. Archived from the original on August 1, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2019.
^Cochrane, Emily (November 27, 2019). "Trump Signs Hong Kong Democracy Legislation That Has Angered China". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 28, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
^Wang, Christine (November 27, 2019). "Trump signs bills backing Hong Kong protesters into law, in spite of Beijing's objections". CNBC. Archived from the original on November 28, 2019. Retrieved November 28, 2019.
and 23 Related for: Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act information
Although the HongKong government claims that it respects the humanrights of citizens, there are significant concerns surrounding humanrights in practice...
the HongKong border, now is the time for everyone committed to democracy, freedom, humanrights, and the rule of law to stand with the people of Hong Kong...
behalf of the HongKong government, in an attempt to convince US politicians to object to the HongKongHumanRightsandDemocracyAct. The lobbyist contracts...
politicians to pass the HongKongHumanRightsandDemocracyAct during the 2019–2020 HongKong protests. Wong was disqualified by the HongKong government from...
the HongKongHumanRightsandDemocracyAct. The Chinese government stated that the NED and CIA worked in tandem to covertly foment the 2019–20 Hong Kong...
The HongKongHumanRights Monitor (HKHRM) (Chinese: 香港人權監察) is a local non-governmental organisation which was established in April 1995. It aims to promote...
the HongKongHumanRightsandDemocracyAct. In July 2019, a group of anonymous volunteers around the world organised a crowdfunding campaign and founded...
the universal suffrage, humanrightsand rule of law in HongKong. It is one of two major political ideologies of the HongKong, with the other being conservatism...
Uyghur bill could be stronger than its reaction to the HongKongHumanRightsandDemocracyAct, while the BBC's China correspondent said that if the bill...
legislators (LegCo) at the time. Historically, HongKong was never an electoral democracy. In 1984, British and Chinese officials held discussions regarding...
demonstrators in HongKong advocated for the bill before the U.S. consulate. HongKongHumanRightsandDemocracyAct "US senator introduces act to target govt...
The HongKong 47 are a group of 47 pro-democracy advocates in HongKong charged with conspiracy to commit subversion under the HongKong national security...
of HongKong with a black background and (in most versions) a modified bauhinia flower. The flag gained popularity during the 2019–2020 HongKong protests...
"Father of Democracy" in HongKong, he is recognised as one of the most prominent advocates for democracyandhumanrights in HongKongand China. A barrister...
its view of democracy in HongKong, which it framed as an executive-led governance arrangement designed to ensure HongKong's capacity and efficacy.: 186 ...