Itinerant intellectual religious figure in the Orthodox Tewahedo Church
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A debtera (or dabtara;[1] Ge'ez/Tigrinya/Amharic: ደብተራ (Däbtära); plural, Ge'ez\Tigrinya: debterat, Amharic: debtrawoch[2]) is an itinerant religious figure in the Ethiopian and Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Churches,[3] and the Beta Israel,[4] who sings hymns and dances for churchgoers, and who performs exorcisms and white magic to aid the congregation.[1][5][6] A debtera will claim an ecclesiastical identity[7] and behave as in minor orders.[8] They may in fact be officially ordained as deacons,[1] or may act outside the Church hierarchy.[9] They are usually feared by the local population.[5][1]
^ abcdEthiopian evil eye belief and the magical symbolism of iron working, by Niall Finneran, Folklore 114 (2003):427-433
^Wolf Leslau, Comparative Dictionary of Geʻez (Classical Ethiopic): Geʻez-English, English-Geʻez, with an index of the Semitic roots, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1987, ISBN 9783447025928, p. 122
^Glossary Archived 2018-11-21 at the Wayback Machine, Eritrean Print and Oral Culture, hosted on Canada Research Chair Humanities Computing Studio.
^Isaac Greenfield, "The Debtera and the education among Ethiopian Jewry until the arrival of Dr. Faitlovitch" in Menachem Waldman (ed.), Studies in the History of Ethiopian Jews, Habermann Institute of Literary Research, 2011, pp. 109-135 (Hebrew)
^ abMagic and Ritual in the Ancient World, Part 4 edited by Paul Allan Mirecki, Marvin W. Meyer, Published by BRILL, 2002, p.170
^Turner, John W. "Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity: Faith and practices". A Country Study: Ethiopia (Thomas P. Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry, eds.) Library of Congress Federal Research Division (1991), public domain
^Encyclopedia of African and African-American Religions By Stephen D. Glazier, published by Taylor & Francis, 16 Jan 2001, p.134
^Case Study: Demonization and the Practice of Exorcism in Ethiopian Churches by Amsalu Tadesse Geleta. The Lausanne Movement, Nairobi 2000.
^Encyclopedia of African and African-American Religions By Stephen D. Glazier, published by Taylor & Francis, 16 Jan 2001, p.124
A debtera (or dabtara; Ge'ez/Tigrinya/Amharic: ደብተራ (Däbtära); plural, Ge'ez\Tigrinya: debterat, Amharic: debtrawoch ) is an itinerant religious figure...
area. An aspiring kahen must spend time studying as a debtera before being ordained. As a debtera, he will be closer to the laypeople and serve as an intermediary...
At many services, most parish members remain in the outer ring, where debteras sing hymns and dance. The Eucharist is given only to those who feel pure...
ketab is used for magical defence. Scrolls were typically produced by debtera, non-ordained clergy expertise on exorcism and healings. About 30 cm scroll...
kitab, or will invoke God's name, to ward off the ill effects of buda. A debtera, who is either an unordained priest or educated layperson, will create...
throughout the centuries and is played today during the dance performed by the debtera (cantors) on important church festivals. It is also occasionally found...
a Kohen and analogous to a rabbi or hakham. Liqa Kahnet, "High Priest" Debtera, itinerant holy man Shemagle, elder Mäṣḥafä Kedus (Holy Scriptures) is...
end of the 16th century. These social groups consisted of the monks; the debtera; lay officials (including judges); men at arms giving personal protection...
affecting primarily women. Women are also the normal spirit mediums. A debtera is an itinerant lay priest figure trained by the Church as a scribe, cantor...
final stage, the Negus, they acquire an intellectual elite, known as debtera. Debteras are ordained clergymen specialized ecclesiastical and secular knowledge...
this was Nathaniel Pearce, who noted in 1831 that it was performed by a debtera who would collect "a quantity of matter" from a person with the most sores...
Ethiopian economist (1886–1919) Aleqa Gebre Hanna (fl. late 19th century), debtera of the Ethiopian Church Gebre Krestos (fl. 1830s), Emperor of Ethiopia...