Alexander gains Babylon, half of Persia and all other parts of Mesopotamia
Belligerents
Macedonia
Hellenic League
Achaemenid Empire
Commanders and leaders
Alexander the Great
Hephaestion
Craterus
Parmenion
Ptolemy
Perdiccas
Antigonus
Cleitus
Nearchus
Seleucus
Ariston
Simmias
Coenus
Ariston
Glaucias
Sopolis
Darius III
Bessus
Mazaeus
Orontes II
Atropates
Ariarathes I
Strength
47,000[5]
(see Size of Macedonian army)
50,000–120,000[6] (modern estimates)
250,000–1,000,000 (ancient sources)
(see Size of Persian army)
Casualties and losses
1,100–1,500[a]1,000 cavalry 100–500 infantry
40,000–90,000[b] 300,000+ captured (according to Arrian)[7]
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Location within Iraq
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Battle of Gaugamela (West and Central Asia)
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v
t
e
Campaigns of Alexander the Great
Balkans
Mount Haemus (335 BC)
Pelium (335 BC)
Thebes (335 BC)
Persia
Granicus (334 BC)
Miletus (334 BC)
Halicarnassus (334 BC)
Issus (333 BC)
Tyre (332 BC)
Gaza (332 BC)
Gaugamela (331 BC)
Uxian Defile (331 BC)
Persian Gate (330 BC)
Cyropolis (329 BC)
Jaxartes (329 BC)
Gabai (328 BC)
Sogdian Rock (327 BC)
Indian subcontinent
Cophen (327 BC)
Aornos (326 BC)
Hydaspes (326 BC)
Mallian campaign (326 BC)
Alexander the Great
1200km 820miles
Babylon
15
Malavas
14
Hydaspes
13
Cophen
12
Cyropolis
11
Persian Gate
10
Uxians
9
Gaugamela
8
Alexandria
7
Gaza
6
Tyre
5
Issus
4
Miletus
3
Granicus
2
Pella
1
current battle
The Battle of Gaugamela (/ˌɡɔːɡəˈmiːlə/GAW-gə-MEE-lə; Ancient Greek: Γαυγάμηλα, romanized: Gaugámēla, lit. 'the Camel's House'), also called the Battle of Arbela (Ἄρβηλα, Árbēla), took place in 331 BC between the forces of the Army of Macedon under Alexander the Great and the Persian Army under King Darius III. It was the second and final battle between the two kings, and is considered to be the final blow to the Achaemenid Empire, resulting in its complete conquest by Alexander.
The fighting took place in Gaugamela, a village on the banks of the river Bumodus, north of Arbela (modern-day Erbil, in Iraqi Kurdistan). Despite being heavily outnumbered, the Army of Macedon emerged victorious due to the employment of superior tactics and the clever usage of light infantry forces. It was a decisive victory for the League of Corinth, and it led to the fall of the Achaemenid Empire and of Darius III.
^Marciak, M.; Szypuła, B.; Sobiech, M.; Pirowski, T. (2021). "The Battle of Gaugamela and the Question of Visibility on the Battlefield". Iraq. 83: 87–103. doi:10.1017/irq.2021.11. S2CID 240824299.
^"Gaugamela", Oxford Classical Dictionary.
^"Alexander the Great – Biography, Empire and Facts", Encyclopaedia Britannica.
^"Gaugamela (331 BCE)", livius.org
^Cite error: The named reference Green, Peter 2013 p.288 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Clark, Jessica H.; Turner, Brian (2017). Brill's Companion to Military Defeat in Ancient Mediterranean Society. Brill. p. 78. ISBN 978-90-04-35577-4. Retrieved 30 August 2019.
^Arrian 1893.
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
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