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Federal Marxist-Leninist one-party parliamentary socialist republic (1969–1989)
Federal multi-party parliamentary socialist republic (1989–1990)
General Secretary
• 1948–1953
Klement Gottwald
• 1953–1968
Antonín Novotný
• 1968–1969
Alexander Dubček
• 1969–1987
Gustáv Husák
• 1987–1989
Miloš Jakeš
• 1989
Karel Urbánek
• 1989–1990
Ladislav Adamec
President
• 1948–1953 (first)
Klement Gottwald
• 1989–1990 (last)
Václav Havel
Prime Minister
• 1948–1953 (first)
Antonín Zápotocký
• 1989–1990 (last)
Marián Čalfa
Historical era
Cold War
• Coup d'etat
25 February 1948
• Ninth-of-May Constitution
9 May 1948
• CSSR established
11 July 1960
• Warsaw Pact invasion
21 August 1968
• Federation law
1 January 1969
• Communist leaders resign
24 November 1989
• Constitutional amendment
23 April 1990
• End of the Government of National Understanding
27 June 1990
Area
• Total
127,900 km2 (49,400 sq mi)
Population
• Estimate
15,600,000
HDI (1990)
0.931[1] very high
Currency
Czechoslovak koruna
Calling code
42
Internet TLD
.cs
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Third Czechoslovak Republic
Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
Today part of
Czech Republic
Slovakia
a. ^ All permanent non-Soviet members of the Warsaw Pact, except Romania, were "European colonies".[2]
Part of a series on the
History of Czechoslovakia
Origins of Czechoslovakia
1918
First Czechoslovak Republic
1918–1938
Munich Agreement
1938
Second Czechoslovak Republic
1938–1939
German occupation
1939–1945
Bohemia and Moravia
1939–1945
Slovak Republic
1939–1945
Third Czechoslovak Republic
1945–1948
Coup d'état
1948
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
1948–1989
Prague Spring/Invasion
1968
Velvet Revolution
1989
Post-revolution
1989–1992
Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
1993
v
t
e
Part of a series on the
Czechoslovak Socialist Republic
History
Politics
Economy
Industry
Agriculture
Foreign trade
Transport
Education
Demographics
Government structure
Health and social welfare
Mass media
Resource base
Religion
Society
v
t
e
The Czechoslovak Socialist Republic,[a] known from 1948 to 1960 as the Czechoslovak Republic[b], Fourth Czechoslovak Republic, or simply Czechoslovakia, was the Czechoslovak state from 1948 until 1989, when the country was under communist rule, and was regarded as a satellite state in the Soviet sphere of interest.[3]
Following the coup d'état of February 1948, when the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia seized power with the support of the Soviet Union, the country was declared a socialist republic when the Ninth-of-May Constitution became effective. The traditional name Československá republika (Czechoslovak Republic), along with several other state symbols, were changed on 11 July 1960 following the implementation of the 1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia as a symbol of the "final victory of socialism" in the country.
In April 1990, shortly after the Velvet Revolution of November 1989, the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic was renamed to the Czech and Slovak Federative Republic. On 10 December 1989, the National Government of Understanding was established with Marián Čalfa as Prime Minister, replacing a Ladislav Adamec led communist government, with a cabinet in which the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia held 10 of 21 seats, compared with the 15 of 20 seats they had held in the previous cabinet. The Communist Party continued to hold a strong plurality in government until democratic elections in June 1990 where the Civic Forum claimed victory, and a new government was formed on 27 June by Prime Minister Čalfa which led the government until its end.
^"Human Development Report 1990" (PDF). Human Development Reports.
^Vladimir Tismaneanu, Marius Stan, Cambridge University Press, 17 May, 2018, Romania Confronts Its Communist Past: Democracy, Memory, and Moral Justice, p. 132
^Rao, B. V. (2006), History of Modern Europe Ad 1789–2002: A.D. 1789–2002, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
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Global Information
0.931[1]
