Cytisine, also known as baptitoxine, cytisinicline, or sophorine, is an alkaloid that occurs naturally in several plant genera, such as Laburnum and Cytisus of the family Fabaceae. It has been used medically to help with smoking cessation.[1] Although widely used for smoking cessation in Eastern Europe, cytisine remains relatively unknown beyond it.[citation needed] However, it has been found effective in several randomized clinical trials, including some in the United States and a large one in New Zealand,[1] and is being investigated in additional trials in the United States (being conducted by Achieve Life Sciences) and a non-inferiority trial in Australia in which it is being compared head-to-head with the smoking cessation aid varenicline (sold in the United States as Chantix).[2] It has also been used entheogenically via mescalbeans by some Native American groups, historically in the Rio Grande Valley predating even peyote.[3]
^ abWalker N, Howe C, Glover M, McRobbie H, Barnes J, Nosa V, et al. (December 2014). "Cytisine versus nicotine for smoking cessation". The New England Journal of Medicine. 371 (25): 2353–2362. doi:10.1056/nejmoa1407764. PMID 25517706. S2CID 13759117.
^Thomas D, Farrell M, McRobbie H, Tutka P, Petrie D, West R, et al. (May 2019). "The effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of cytisine versus varenicline for smoking cessation in an Australian population: a study protocol for a randomized controlled non-inferiority trial" (PDF). Addiction. 114 (5): 923–933. doi:10.1111/add.14541. PMID 30589984. S2CID 58621453.
^Howard JH (1957). "The Mescal Bean Cult of the Central and Southern Plains: An Ancestor of the Peyote Cult". American Anthropologist. 59 (1): 75–87. doi:10.1525/aa.1957.59.1.02a00070. JSTOR 666531.
Cytisine, also known as baptitoxine, cytisinicline, or sophorine, is an alkaloid that occurs naturally in several plant genera, such as Laburnum and Cytisus...
led to use as a cessation aid in eastern Europe and extraction of cytisine. Cytisine analogs led to varenicline at Pfizer. Varenicline received a priority...
The seeds are legumes with large numbers of black seeds that contain cytisine, an alkaloid somewhat poisonous to humans as well as goats and horses,...
endogenous agonist of nAChRs), choline, epibatidine, lobeline, varenicline and cytisine. Nicotine has been known for centuries for its intoxicating effect. It...
structure and in effects to the alkaloid cytisine, but less potent. It has a bittersweet taste. As with the cytisine-containing Laburnum, its leaves are sometimes...
angustifoline the α-pyridone type with 25 structures, including anagyrine and cytisine the matrine type with 31 structures, including matrine and the ormosanin...
miniature seedless pods. The beans are commonly thought to contain the toxin cytisine, although this has yet to be confirmed in a study. Bark: Tan or dark gray...
Other medication used for quitting smoking include bupropion, varenicline, cytisine, nortriptyline, and clonidine and psychedelics. Treatments other than medication...
times the convulsions are markedly tetanic. The main toxin in the plant is cytisine, a nicotinic receptor agonist. It is used as a food plant by the larvae...
medications (nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, varenicline, or cytisine) and behavioral counseling, can double or triple a smoker's chances of...
relationship with Rhizobium bacteria. One of the main alkaloids of this plant is cytisine. The characteristic constituents are biogenic amines (mostly tyramine in...
and kaempferol-3-rhamnodiglucoside. The fruit also contain the alkaloids cytisine, N-methylcytisine, sophocarpine, matrine and stizolamine. "Styphnolobium...
and Phyllonorycter spartocytisi feed on R. monosperma. The seeds contain cytisine, a toxic alkaloid. Fifteen other quinolizidine and three dipiperidine alkaloids...
Anderson DJ, Arneric SP (March 1994). "Nicotinic receptor binding of [3H]cytisine, [3H]nicotine and [3H]methylcarbamylcholine in rat brain". European Journal...
incorporated into the genus Genista (see Genisteae). The species contain cytisine, a toxic alkaloid. In the Spanish language the name retama is commonly...
but is also extremely toxic due to the presence of the bicyclic alkaloid cytisine, which is chemically related to nicotine. The consumption of a single seed...
is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound. Some alkaloids (e.g. cytisine and sparteine) are derivatives of quinolizidine. Quinolizidine alkaloids...
are poisonous and can be lethal if consumed in excess. The main toxin is cytisine, a nicotinic receptor agonist. Symptoms of poisoning may include intense...
All parts of the mescalbeans are very poisonous, containing the alkaloid cytisine (not mescaline, as suggested by the name). Nevertheless, evidence exists...
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