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Medical condition
Cystic kidney disease
Renal cyst
Specialty
Medical genetics
Cystic kidney disease refers to a wide range of hereditary, developmental, and acquired conditions[1] and with the inclusion of neoplasms with cystic changes, over 40 classifications and subtypes have been identified. Depending on the disease classification, the presentation may be at birth, or much later into adult life. Cystic disease may involve one or both kidneys and may, or may not, occur in the presence of other anomalies.[1] A higher incidence is found in males and prevalence increases with age. Renal cysts have been reported in more than 50% of patients over the age of 50.[2] Typically, cysts grow up to 2.88 mm annually and may cause related pain and/or hemorrhage.[2]
Of the cystic kidney diseases, the most common is polycystic kidney disease with two sub-types: the less prevalent autosomal recessive and more prevalent autosomal dominant.[1] Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is primarily diagnosed in infants and young children while autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is most often diagnosed in adulthood.[1]
Another example of cystic kidney disease is Medullary sponge kidney.
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