Bipartite and tripartite cyanolichens. A In the bipartite cyanolichen Peltigera scabrosa the cyanobacterial symbiont (Nostoc) forms a continuous layer just below the upper cortex of the lichen thallus. B Nephroma bellum is another example of bipartite cyanolichens. C In the tripartite cyanolichen Peltigera aphthosa the Nostoc symbiont is restricted to wart-like cephalodia (shown magnified) on the upper surface of the thallus, while the green algal symbiont (Coccomyxa) forms the photobiont layer. D Nephroma arcticum is another example of tripartite cyanolichens. The large cephalodia of this species are internal, but clearly visible through the upper cortex of the hydrated thallus.[1]
Cyanolichens are lichens that apart from the basic fungal component ("mycobiont"), contain cyanobacteria, otherwise known as blue-green algae, as the photosynthesizing component ("photobiont"). Overall, about a third of lichen photobionts are cyanobacteria and the other two thirds are green algae.[2]
Some lichens contain both green algae and cyanobacteria apart from the fungal component, in which case they are called "tripartite". Normally the photobiont occupies an extensive layer covering much of the thallus, but in tripartite lichens, the cyanobacterium component may be enclosed in pustule-like outgrowths of the main thallus called cephalodia, which can take many forms. Apart from gaining energy through photosynthesis, the cyanobacteria which live in cephalodia may perform nitrogen fixation on behalf of the lichen community. These cyanobacteria are generally more rich in nitrogen-fixing cells called heterocysts than those which live in the main photobiont layer of lichens.[2][1]
^ abCite error: The named reference Rikkinen 2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Dobson was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cyanolichens are lichens that apart from the basic fungal component ("mycobiont"), contain cyanobacteria, otherwise known as blue-green algae, as the photosynthesizing...
the same lichen. A cyanolichen is a lichen with a cyanobacterium as its main photosynthetic component (photobiont). Many cyanolichens are small and black...
in the lichen. A "cyanolichen" is a lichen with a cyanobacterium as its main photosynthetic component (photobiont). Most cyanolichen are also ascolichens...
Lichinodium canadense is a species of minute fruticose (bushy) cyanolichen in the family Lichinodiaceae. It is found in British Columbia, Canada, where...
Collema coccophorum is a cyanolichen also known as soil pulp lichen or jelly lichen. It can be found in many areas of the world, including North America...
of the green alga. Although strains of cyanobacteria found in various cyanolichens are often closely related to one another, they differ from the most closely...
Peltigera islandica is a cyanolichen indigenous to Iceland. Only recently discovered in 2016, it is likely that specimens currently labelled as P. membranaceae...
perpetua is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose (leafy) cyanolichen in the family Peltigeraceae. It was described as new to science in 2002...
lichens in the family Lichinaceae. The genus contains seven species. These cyanolichens include maritime species such as L. pygmaea or L. confinis, in which...
primarily occurs in mountainous areas with high humidity and extensive cyanolichen communities at elevations between 450 and 1,500 m (1,480 and 4,920 ft)...
2015). "Ecological Specialization of Two Photobiont-Specific Maritime Cyanolichen Species of the Genus Lichina". PLOS ONE. 10 (7): e0132718. Bibcode:2015PLoSO...
"Peltigera hydrophila (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), a new semi-aquatic cyanolichen species from Chile". Plant and Fungal Systematics. 65 (1): 210–218. doi:10...
"Microclimates hold the key to spatial forest planning under climate change: Cyanolichens in temperate rainforest". Global Change Biology. 27 (9): 1915–1926. Bibcode:2021GCBio...
Henskens, Frieda L.; Green, T. G. Allan; Wilkins, Alistair (August 2012). "Cyanolichens can have both cyanobacteria and green algae in a common layer as major...
family Lichinodiaceae, newly circumscribed in 2019 to contain the genus cyanolichen genus Lichinodium, is the first known group of lichen-forming fungi in...
1038/378244a0. S2CID 4353572. Taylor, T.N.; Hass, H.; Kerp, H. (1997). "A cyanolichen from the lower Devonian Rhynie chert". American Journal of Botany. 84...
Lepidocollema marianum is a species of cyanolichen in the family Pannariaceae. It was first scientifically described by Elias Fries in 1825 as Parmelia...
Beu, Shu-Qing; Guo, Shou-Yu (2019). "Peltigera shennongjiana, a new cyanolichen from Central China". The Lichenologist. 51 (6): 561–574. doi:10.1017/s0024282919000355...
1016/j.revpalbo.2007.05.002. Taylor, T.N.; Hass, H; Kerp, H (1997). "A cyanolichen from the Lower Devonian Rhynie chert". Am J Bot. 84 (7): 992–1004. doi:10...
nitrogen cycle varies by crust composition because only cyanobacteria and cyanolichens fix nitrogen. Nitrogen fixation requires energy from photosynthesis products...
Beu, Shu-Qing; Guo, Shou-Yu (2019). "Peltigera shennongjiana, a new cyanolichen from Central China". The Lichenologist. 51 (6): 561–574. doi:10.1017/s0024282919000355...
cuneate Also cuneiform. Wedge-shaped; with one end thinner than the other. cyanolichen A lichen in which the photobiont is a cyanobacteria. cyphella Plural...
"Peltigera hydrophila (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota), a new semi-aquatic cyanolichen species from Chile". Plant and Fungal Systematics. 65 (1): 210–218. doi:10...
Atrophysma was proposed to contain it. Atrophysma cyanomelanos is a cyanolichen, meaning that it has cyanobacteria (also known as blue-green algae) as...
and in the Kamchatka Peninsula. Erioderma pedicellatum is a foliose cyanolichen with lobes 2–5 cm across, and occasionally reaching 12 cm in diameter...
lacks a medulla that is separate from the photobiont layer. It is a cyanolichen with the photobiont cyanobacterium being Syctonema (or Syctonema-like)...
of the genus are commonly called rock-olive lichens.: 318 They are cyanolichens, with the cyanobacterium photobiont from the genus Anacystis. They are...
monotypic genus, containing the single species Leightoniella zeylanensis, a cyanolichen. The genus was circumscribed in 1965 by Norwegian lichenologist Aino...
for identifying the habitats of Erioderma pedicellatum and other rare cyanolichens in Nova Scotia, Canada". The Bryologist. 111 (4): 650–658. doi:10.1639/0007-2745-111...
"Pacific algae, fungi, Hawaiian plants, tropical prayer plants, and cyanolichens". Its algal collection is "the most comprehensive of any Herbarium",...
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