Local set of atmospheric conditions that differ significantly from the surrounding area
For the viticultural use of the term microclimate, see Regional climate levels in viticulture.
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Microclimate on rock located in intertidal zone in Sunrise-on-Sea, South Africa
A microclimate (or micro-climate) is a local set of atmospheric conditions that differ from those in the surrounding areas, often slightly but sometimes substantially. The term may refer to areas as small as a few square meters or smaller (for example a garden bed, underneath a rock, or a cave) or as large as many square kilometers. Because climate is statistical, which implies spatial and temporal variation of the mean values of the describing parameters, within a region there can occur and persist over time sets of statistically distinct conditions, that is, microclimates. Microclimates can be found in most places but are most pronounced in topographically dynamic zones such as mountainous areas, islands, and coastal areas.[1]
Microclimates exist, for example, near bodies of water which may cool the local atmosphere, or in heavy urban areas where brick, concrete, and asphalt absorb the sun's energy, heat up, and re-radiate that heat to the ambient air: the resulting urban heat island (UHI) is a kind of microclimate that is additionally driven by relative paucity of vegetation.[2]
^Ellis, C. J.; Eaton, S. (2021). "Microclimates hold the key to spatial forest planning under climate change: Cyanolichens in temperate rainforest". Global Change Biology. 27 (9): 1915–1926. Bibcode:2021GCBio..27.1915E. doi:10.1111/gcb.15514. PMID 33421251. S2CID 231437285.
^Camus, John (November 12, 2017). "6 Examples of an Urban Microclimate". Sotoga. Archived from the original on Sep 2, 2023.
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