This article is about the respiratory condition. For the part of a quadruped, see rump (animal). For the crop of a bird, see crop (anatomy). For the type of casino employee, see croupier.
Croup, also known as laryngotracheobronchitis, is a type of respiratory infection that is usually caused by a virus.[2] The infection leads to swelling inside the trachea, which interferes with normal breathing and produces the classic symptoms of "barking/brassy" cough, inspiratory stridor and a hoarse voice.[2] Fever and runny nose may also be present.[2] These symptoms may be mild, moderate, or severe.[3] Often it starts or is worse at night and normally lasts one to two days.[6][2][3]
Croup can be caused by a number of viruses including parainfluenza and influenza virus.[2] Rarely is it due to a bacterial infection.[5] Croup is typically diagnosed based on signs and symptoms after potentially more severe causes, such as epiglottitis or an airway foreign body, have been ruled out.[4] Further investigations, such as blood tests, X-rays and cultures, are usually not needed.[4]
Many cases of croup are preventable by immunization for influenza and diphtheria.[5] Most cases of croup are mild and the patient can be treated at home with supportive care. Croup is usually treated with a single dose of steroids by mouth.[2][7] In more severe cases inhaled epinephrine may also be used.[2][8] Hospitalization is required in one to five percent of cases.[9]
Croup is a relatively common condition that affects about 15% of children at some point.[4] It most commonly occurs between six months and five years of age but may rarely be seen in children as old as fifteen.[3][4][9] It is slightly more common in males than females.[9] It occurs most often in autumn.[9] Before vaccination, croup was frequently caused by diphtheria and was often fatal.[5][10] This cause is now very rare in the Western world due to the success of the diphtheria vaccine.[11]
^"Croup". Macmillan. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
^ abcdefghijRajapaksa S, Starr M (May 2010). "Croup – assessment and management". Aust Fam Physician. 39 (5): 280–2. PMID 20485713.
^ abcdefghEverard ML (February 2009). "Acute bronchiolitis and croup". Pediatr. Clin. North Am. 56 (1): 119–33, x–xi. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2008.10.007. PMID 19135584.
^ abcdefgCherry JD (2008). "Clinical practice. Croup". N. Engl. J. Med. 358 (4): 384–91. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp072022. PMID 18216359.
^Thompson M, Vodicka, TA, Blair, PS, Buckley, DI, Heneghan, C, Hay, AD, TARGET Programme, Team (Dec 11, 2013). "Duration of symptoms of respiratory tract infections in children: systematic review". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 347: f7027. doi:10.1136/bmj.f7027. PMC 3898587. PMID 24335668.
^Aregbesola A, Tam CM, Kothari A, Le ML, Ragheb M, Klassen TP (10 January 2023). "Glucocorticoids for croup in children". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023 (1): CD001955. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001955.pub5. PMC 9831289. PMID 36626194.
^Bjornson C, Russell K, Vandermeer B, Klassen TP, Johnson DW (10 October 2013). "Nebulized epinephrine for croup in children". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 10 (10): CD006619. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006619.pub3. PMID 24114291.
^ abcdBjornson CL, Johnson DW (15 October 2013). "Croup in children". CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal. 185 (15): 1317–23. doi:10.1503/cmaj.121645. PMC 3796596. PMID 23939212.
^Steele V (2005). Bleed, blister, and purge : a history of medicine on the American frontier. Missoula, Mont.: Mountain Press. p. 324. ISBN 978-0-87842-505-1.
^Feigin, Ralph D. (2004). Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases. Philadelphia: Saunders. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-7216-9329-3.
Croup, also known as laryngotracheobronchitis, is a type of respiratory infection that is usually caused by a virus. The infection leads to swelling inside...
referred to variously as "diphtheritic croup," "true croup," or sometimes simply as "croup." Diphtheritic croup is extremely rare in countries where diphtheria...
HPIV-2 have been demonstrated to be the principal causative agent behind croup (laryngotracheobronchitis), which is a viral disease of the upper airway...
developed, the croup should be approximately the same height as the withers. In some breeds a high croup is hereditary trait. Steep Croup or Goose Rump...
heard during inspiration. Inspiratory stridor often occurs in children with croup. It may be indicative of serious airway obstruction from severe conditions...
parts of the respiratory tract, such as the larynx and bronchi, called croup, that can result in a cough. Infection with bacteria usually affects the...
Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include epiglottitis, croup, inhaling a foreign body, and laryngeal cancer. The acute form generally...
of the croup. Thus, the hip angle is not necessarily correlated to the topline of the croup. Horses bred to gallop need a good length of croup and good...
trachea itself. The presence of the steeple sign supports a diagnosis of croup, usually caused by paramyxoviruses. it can also be defined as the replacement...
under "acute upper respiratory infections". Increasing deep or barking croup cough following a recent upper respiratory infection Crowing sound when...
remedy was Croup and Pneumonia Salve, which was first compounded in 1891, in Greensboro. It was introduced in 1905 with the name Vick's Magic Croup Salve and...
drooling, stridor, difficulty breathing and swallowing, and a hoarse voice. Croup (Laryngotracheobronchitis) is a viral infection of the vocal cords typically...
chest with well-sprung ribs. The back is usually level from withers to croup and the long, straight tail is usually carried flat, roughly in line with...
"Bertie", as he was called during that time, contracted a serious bout of croup, and was momentarily thought to have died until resuscitated by his uncle...
the breed is the topline, which rises just slightly from withers to the croup, creating a topline that is straight but not level. Renowned for their flashy...
(1979). In later years, he was often cast in villainous roles including Mr Croup in Neil Gaiman's Neverwhere (1996), Peter Baxter in ITV police drama The...
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