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Cross border attacks in Sabah information


For the conflict in the Philippines, see Moro conflict.

Cross border attacks in Sabah
Part of the Piracy in the Sulu Sea, North Borneo dispute and Moro conflict

Attacks by Moro pirates and militants in Sabah from the 19th century to the present
Date8 December 1962[17] – present
(61 years, 5 months and 3 days)
Location
Sabah, Malaysia
Result

Security in mainland Sabah was under control, cross border attacks ongoing;

  • Operation Merdeka to invade Sabah under the instruction of Ferdinand Marcos failed to carry out and the starting of insurgency in the Southern Philippines after Marcos soldiers execute a number of Moro fighters in an event known as Jabidah massacre.
  • Nur Misuari deported to the Philippines in 2001 under the ASEAN friendship after Malaysian security forces found he had stayed illegally on an island in Sabah to escape from the Philippine authorities after a failed rebellion against the Philippine Government.[18][19]
  • Establishment of RCI in 2012 when Sabah was infiltrated with a huge numbers of illegal immigrants from the Philippines who escape from the war torn Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago.
  • Deportation of thousands of Filipino illegal immigrants in Sabah after they were found collaborating with militants during a brief of standoff with a self-proclaimed Filipino Sultan Jamalul Kiram III followers in 2013.[20][21]
  • Establishment of ESSCOM and ESSZONE in 2013 to counter further Filipino militant infiltrations and to prevent the mass exodus of Filipino illegal immigrants into Sabah.[22][23]
  • Sabah ceases its cross-border trade and barter trade in eastern waters from 7 April 2016–1 February 2017 due to persistent Abu Sayyaf attacks.[24][25][26]
  • The governments of Malaysia, Philippines and Indonesia have signed an agreement to jointly countering the persistent lawlessness in the Sulu Archipelago.[27][28]
Belligerents

Cross border attacks in Sabah Malaysia

  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Sabah

Cross border attacks in Sabah Philippines (from 2022)
Cross border attacks in Sabah Indonesia[1]
Cross border attacks in Sabah Vietnam[2]
Cross border attacks in Sabah Singapore[3]
Cross border attacks in Sabah Thailand[4]

Supported by
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Australia (1963–66) (troops and material aid)
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah New Zealand (1963–66) (troops and material aid)
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah United Kingdom (until 1966) (troops and material aid)
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Brunei (material aid)[5][6][7][8][9]

Bangsamoro militia support:
Cross border attacks in Sabah Moro Islamic Liberation Front[10]
Cross border attacks in Sabah Moro National Liberation Front (Mus Sema faction)[11][12]

Former support:
Cross border attacks in Sabah Philippines (after 1986–2016)[13]		 Cross border attacks in Sabah Abu Sayyaf (1991–2024)
Moro Pirates (1963–present)

Cross border attacks in Sabah Sulu Sultanate (Jamalul Kiram III faction) (2013–present)
Cross border attacks in Sabah Philippines (until 1986, 2016–2022)

Former Sabah invasion supporter:
Cross border attacks in Sabah Moro National Liberation Front (Misuari faction) (2001–2015)[14][15][16]

  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Bangsamoro Republik (2013)
Commanders and leaders

Cross border attacks in Sabah Anwar Ibrahim
(Prime Minister of Malaysia)
Cross border attacks in Sabah Mohamad Hasan
(Minister of Defence)
Cross border attacks in Sabah Hajiji Noor
(Chief Minister of Sabah)
Cross border attacks in Sabah Bongbong Marcos (President of Philippines)
Cross border attacks in Sabah Joko Widodo (President of Indonesia)
Cross border attacks in Sabah Murad Ebrahim[29]
Cross border attacks in Sabah Mohagher Iqbal[10]
Cross border attacks in Sabah Muslimin Sema[30]
Former leader

PM full list
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Tunku Abdul Rahman (1962–1970) #
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Abdul Razak Hussein (1970–1976) #
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Hussein Onn (1976–1981) #
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Mahathir Mohamad (1981–2003, 2018–2020)
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Abdullah Ahmad Badawi (2003–2009)
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Najib Razak (2009–2018)
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Muhyiddin Yassin (2020–2021)
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Ismail Sabri Yaakob (2021-2022)
CM full list
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Fuad Stephens  †
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Peter Lo Sui Yin #
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Mustapha Harun #
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Mohamed Said Keruak
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Harris Salleh
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Joseph Pairin Kitingan
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Sakaran Dandai
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Salleh Said Keruak
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Yong Teck Lee
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Bernard Giluk Dompok
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Osu Sukam
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Chong Kah Kiat
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Musa Aman
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Shafie Apdal
PR full list
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Corazon Aquino #[31]
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Fidel V. Ramos #[32][33]
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Joseph Estrada[34]
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Gloria Macapagal Arroyo[32]
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Benigno Aquino III #[13]
PR full list
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono[35]

Cross border attacks in Sabah Radullan Sahiron (current Emir of Abu Sayyaf)  Surrendered
Cross border attacks in Sabah Abdurajak Janjalani  †

Cross border attacks in Sabah Khadaffy Janjalani  †
Cross border attacks in Sabah Isnilon Totoni Hapilon  †
Cross border attacks in Sabah Phudgal Kiram[36]
(Raja Muda of the Sulu Sultanate)
Cross border attacks in Sabah Various pirates leader
Cross border attacks in Sabah Jamalul Kiram III #

Cross border attacks in Sabah Agbimuddin Kiram #
Cross border attacks in Sabah Ismael Kiram II[36] #
Former support
Cross border attacks in Sabah Diosdado Macapagal #[37]
Cross border attacks in Sabah Ferdinand Marcos #[38]
Cross border attacks in Sabah Rodrigo Duterte

Cross border attacks in Sabah Nur Misuari (2001–2015)[14][15][16][39][40]
Units involved

NSOF:
Cross border attacks in Sabah Malaysian Armed Forces
Cross border attacks in Sabah Royal Malaysia Police
Cross border attacks in Sabah Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency

British coalition
(until 1966)
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Royal Australian Navy[41]
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah Royal New Zealand Navy[42][43]
  • Cross border attacks in Sabah British troops and navy

Cross border attacks in Sabah Armed Forces of the Philippines
Philippine National Police

Cross border attacks in Sabah Indonesian National Armed Forces
Cross border attacks in Sabah Indonesian National Police		 Cross border attacks in Sabah Abu Sayyaf

Cross border attacks in Sabah Moro Pirates

Cross border attacks in Sabah Royal Security Forces of the Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo
Strength
Malaysian security forces:
  • Malaysian Army
    • 6000+ troops[44]
    • 18 ACV-300 Adnan IFV
    • 12 DefTech AV8 AFV
    • Some of AV4 Lipanbara MRAP
    • Some of Condor APC
  • Royal Malaysian Air Force
    • A squadron of BAE Hawk
    • 3 F/A-18D Hornet
    • Some of Eurocopter EC725
  • Royal Malaysian Navy
    • Some of ships from Eastern Fleet
British coalition
(until 1966)
  • Australian forces
      • HMAS Tobruk[41]
      • HMAS Sydney (R17)
  • New Zealand forces
      • Patrol ships[42]
  • British forces
      • Thousands British troops

Philippine security forces:
uncertain
Indonesian security forces:
uncertain Law abiding Moro rebels:

uncertain		 Abu Sayyaf: unknown

Kiram followers:

  • 235[45]
    Moro Pirates: unknown
Casualties and losses
Malaysian security forces:
  • ≈12+ deaths[46][47][48] and 13 wounded[47][49] recorded
British coalition
(until 1966)
  • uncertain

Philippine security forces:

  • uncertain[note 1]

Indonesian security forces:

  • uncertain

Law abiding Moro rebels:

  • uncertain[note 2]
Abu Sayyaf:
  • ~estimated 21+ killed[49][50][51][52][53][54]
  • 3 wounded[49][55][56]

+10 captured


Kiram followers:

  • 58 killed[47][57]
  • 3 wounded[47]
    Moro Pirates:
  • Hundreds killed[50]
  • Civilian casualties
  • ~estimated 50+ killed[46][47][58][59][60][61]
  • ~estimated 23 wounded[47][60]
~ The total thought to be higher than what has been shown.
Part of the
Formation of Malaysia
Events
Malaysia Bill
Cobbold Commission
 • 18-point agreement
 • 20-point agreement
Singaporean referendum
Sarawak communist insurgency
North Borneo dispute
 • Cross border attacks in Sabah
 • Moro conflict
 • Piracy in Sulu & Celebes
Brunei revolt
 • North Borneo Federation
Konfrontasi
Manila Accord
Maphilindo
Sarawak Self-governance
Malaysia Act 1963
North Borneo Self-governance
Proclamation of Malaysia
Operation Claret
1964 race riots in Singapore
MacDonald House bombing
PAP–UMNO relations
Proclamation of Singapore
UN Security Council Resolution 213
Singapore Agreement
South Thailand insurgency
Double Six Tragedy
Pedra Branca dispute
2019 failed constitutional amendment
2021 constitutional amendment
flag Malaysia portal
  • v
  • t
  • e

The cross border attacks in Sabah are a series of cross border terrorist attacks perpetrated by Moro pirates from Mindanao, Philippines, in the state of Sabah, Malaysia, that began even before the British colonial period.[59][62] Many civilians have died or suffered during these incidents, causing an increase in anti-Filipino sentiment among the native peoples of Sabah, especially after major attacks in 1985, 2000 and 2013.[63] The attacks were more intense during the presidential terms of Diosdado Macapagal and Ferdinand Marcos, who supported irredentist claims to include eastern Sabah as part of the Philippines territory.[38][60] In addition, recent infiltration and attacks by militants as well as uncontrolled human migration from Mindanao to Sabah has led to more unease sentiments among the local residents of Sabah, with around 78% of prison inmates that were caught in the state due to involvement in criminal activities and lawlessness issues mainly originating from the southern Philippines.[64]

Prior to a large-scale military operation initiated by Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte to combat the rampant lawlessness in the southern Philippines since mid-2016, Malaysian security forces had been told to tighten its security and to ensure that terrorists do not attempt to flee prosecution by escaping to uninhabited areas.[65][66][67] Sabahan leaders also ordered Malaysian security forces to "shoot on sight" any trespassers who continue to ignore laws despite repeated warnings[68] and that those escaping militants be dealt with by the country's laws more effectively.[69] Following the declaration of martial law in the neighbouring Philippines since 23 May 2017, Malaysian authorities increased their border security.[70] Sabah Chief Minister Shafie Apdal also urged the Malaysian security forces to stop taking a defensive attitude and be offensive towards the rampant crimes perpetrated by southern Filipino criminals and terrorists that has disturbed peace in the state.[71]

Various countries and territories such as Australia,[72] Canada,[73] China, France,[74] Germany,[75] Hong Kong,[76] Ireland,[77] Japan,[78] New Zealand,[79] Singapore,[80] South Korea,[81] Switzerland,[82] Taiwan,[83] United Kingdom,[84] United States[85] and Vietnam[86] have raised a travel alert for their citizens to avoid the area in eastern Sabah.

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Royal Malaysian Navy

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is located. Bases are also located in Sandakan, Sabah. The principal submarine base is located at Sepanggar, Sabah, which also serves as HQ Naval Region...

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Malaysia Agreement

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combine North Borneo (Sabah), Sarawak, and Singapore with the existing states of Malaya, the resulting union being named Malaysia. Signed in London, United Kingdom...

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List of wars involving Indonesia

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2015. Retrieved 15 April 2015. "MNLF strongly condemns terrorist acts in eastern Sabah". The Brunei Times. Bernama. 8 March 2013. Archived from the original...

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Moro conflict

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portal Communist rebellion in the Philippines Cross border attacks in Sabah Demographics of the Philippines Freedom of religion in the Philippines History...

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List of conflicts by duration

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launch small-scale attacks against the Barre regime and its Isaaq members, to the razing of the Isaaq majority town of Hargeisa in 1988 by state forces...

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Brunei revolt

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North Borneo (to be renamed Sabah) and the protectorate of the Sultanate of Brunei. Brunei became a British protectorate in 1888, had an area of about...

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North Borneo Federation

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British North Borneo (now known as the Malaysian state of Sabah) and the protectorate of Brunei. In 1956, the governments of Sarawak, North Borneo and the...

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Royal Malaysian Air Force

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Gong Kedak, Kelantan (RMAF Gong Kedak) (Base of Su-30MKMs) TUDM Labuan, Sabah (RMAF Labuan) (Base of BAE Hawks) TUDM Kuala Lumpur (RMAF Kuala Lumpur)...

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Indonesian National Armed Forces

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and eight fixed-wing aircraft. The Army also guards and patrols the land borders with Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and East Timor. The TNI-AL (Indonesian...

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2013 Lahad Datu standoff

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there. This [locals] have played a part in the intrusion in the east coast of Sabah, abductions and cross border crimes prior to the establishment of ESSCOM...

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Murad Ebrahim

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the six-year program in five years. He entered the Cotabato Public High School in Cotabato City for his high school studies in 1960. After graduating...

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Cobbold Commission

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of Enquiry set up to determine whether the people of North Borneo (now Sabah) and Sarawak supported the proposal to create the Federation of Malaysia...

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Piracy in the Sulu and Celebes Seas

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Caribbean Pirates Spanish–Moro conflict Philippine–American War Cross border attacks in Sabah Thalassocracy Alverdian, Indra; Joas, Marko; Tynkkynen, Nina (2020)...

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Operation Claret

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about July 1964 until July 1966 from East Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah) across the border in Indonesian Kalimantan during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation...

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Communist insurgency in Sarawak

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forces against SCO guerrillas in Borneo. In October 1966, both governments allowed their military forces to cross the border in "hot pursuit" operations....

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Royal New Zealand Navy

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RNZN ships participated in the Korean War. On 29 June, just four days after 135,000 North Korean troops crossed the 38th parallel in Korea, the New Zealand...

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Abu Sayyaf

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security on their borders. Malaysia discovered that militants were using Sabah as a transit point. The two pledged to prevent cross-border terrorism and curb...

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South Thailand insurgency

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and ethnic Malay Muslims were killed in bomb attacks, shootings, assassinations, ambushes, and machete attacks. At least 29 victims have been beheaded...

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2011 Egyptian revolution

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portal Politics portal 2011 virginity tests of protestors in Egypt Cross border attacks in Sabah 1997 Asian financial crisis#Indonesia 1967 Hong Kong riots...

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1962 Singaporean integration referendum

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referendum on the terms of integration into the Federation of Malaya was held in Singapore on 1 September 1962. There were three options. At the time of the...

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