Cronobacter (Iversen et al. 2008)[1] (Joseph et al. 2011)[2]
Species
C. sakazakii C. malonaticus C. turicensis C. muytjensii C. dublinensis C. universalis C. condimenti
Cronobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Several Cronobacter species are desiccation resistant and persistent in dry products such as powdered infant formula.[3] They are generally motile, reduce nitrate, use citrate, hydrolyze esculin and arginine, and are positive for L-ornithine decarboxylation. Acid is produced from D-glucose, D-sucrose, D-raffinose, D-melibiose, D-cellobiose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, L-rhamnose, L-arabinose, D-trehalose, galacturonate and D-maltose.
Cronobacter spp. are also generally positive for acetoin production (Voges–Proskauer test) and negative for the methyl red test, indicating 2,3-butanediol rather than mixed acid fermentation.
The type species of the genus Cronobacter is Cronobacter sakazakii comb. nov.
^Iversen, C.; Mullane, N.; McCardell, B.; Tall, B. D.; Lehner, A.; Fanning, S.; Stephan, R.; Joosten, H. (2008). "Cronobacter gen. nov., a new genus to accommodate the biogroups of Enterobacter sakazakii, and proposal of Cronobacter sakazakii gen. nov. comb. nov., C. malonaticus sp. nov., C. turicensis sp. nov., C. muytjensii sp. nov., C. dublinensis sp. nov., Cronobacter genomospecies 1, and of three subspecies, C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. dublinensis subsp. nov., C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. lausannensis subsp. nov., and C. dublinensis sp. nov. subsp. lactaridi subsp. nov". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 58 (6): 1442–1447. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65577-0. PMID 18523192.
^Joseph, Susan; Cetinkaya, Esin; Drahovska, Hana; Levican, Arturo; Figueras, Maria J.; Forsythe, Stephen J. (2012). "Cronobacter condimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat and Cronobacter universalis sp. nov., a novel species designation for Cronobacter sp. genomospecies 1, recovered from a leg infection, water, and food ingredients". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 62 (Pt 6): 1277–1283. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.032292-0. PMID 22661070.
^Osaili, T.; Forsythe, S. (31 December 2009). "Desiccation resistance and persistence of Cronobacter species in infant formula" (PDF). International Journal of Food Microbiology. 136 (2): 214–220. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2009.08.006. PMID 19720413.
Cronobacter is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae...
Cronobacter sakazakii, which before 2007 was named Enterobacter sakazakii, is an opportunistic Gram-negative, rod-shaped, pathogenic bacterium that can...
(2011). "Cronobacter condimenti sp. nov., isolated from spiced meat and Cronobacter universalis sp. nov., a novel species designation for Cronobacter sp. genomospecies...
Cronobacter muytjensii is a bacterium. It is named after Harry Muytjens. Its type strain is ATCC 51329T (=CIP 103581T). It is indole, dulcitol, and malonate...
Cronobacter malonaticus, formerly considered a subspecies of Cronobacter sakazakii, is a bacterium. Its type strain is CDC 1058-77T (=LMG 23826T =DSM 18702T)...
helveticus and E. pulveris into Cronobacter as Cronobacter zurichensis nom. nov., Cronobacter helveticus comb. nov. and Cronobacter pulveris comb. nov., respectively...
Cronobacter turicensis is a bacterium. It is usually food-borne and pathogenic. It is named after Turicum, the Latin name of Zurich, as the type strain...
It has been tested (2016) in vitro against the food-borne pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii. In a report (1997), citral is mentioned as cytotoxic to P(388)...
Cronobacter dublinensis is a bacterium. Its name pertains to Dublin, the origin of the type strain. The type strain is originally from a milk powder manufacturing...
infant formula. Anybody can get sick from Cronobacter, but the infection occurs most often in infants. Cronobacter infections are rare, but they can be deadly...
helveticus and E. pulveris into Cronobacter as Cronobacter zurichensis nom. nov., Cronobacter helveticus comb. nov. and Cronobacter pulveris comb. nov., respectively...
helveticus and E. pulveris into Cronobacter as Cronobacter zurichensis nom. nov., Cronobacter helveticus comb. nov. and Cronobacter pulveris comb. nov., respectively...
and Alimentum powdered infant formula (PIF) after finding evidence of Cronobacter sakazakii in some areas of Abbott's Sturgis, Michigan facility, known...
helveticus and E. pulveris into Cronobacter as Cronobacter zurichensis nom. nov., Cronobacter helveticus comb. nov. and Cronobacter pulveris comb. nov., respectively...
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