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Creek Freedmen is a term for emancipated Creeks of African descent who were slaves of Muscogee Creek tribal members before 1866. They were emancipated under the tribe's 1866 treaty with the United States following the American Civil War, during which the Creek Nation had allied with the Confederate States of America. Freedmen who wished to stay in the Creek Nation in Indian Territory, with whom they often had blood relatives, were to be granted full citizenship in the Creek Nation. Many of the African Americans had removed with the Creek from the American Southeast in the 1830s, and lived and worked the land since then in Indian Territory.
The term also includes their modern descendants in the United States. At the time of the war and since, many Creek Freedmen were of partial Creek descent by blood.[1] Registration of tribal members under the Dawes Commission often failed to record such ancestry. In 1979, the Creek Nation changed its membership rules, requiring all members to prove descent to persons listed as "Indian by Blood" on the Dawes Rolls. The Creek Freedmen have sued against this decision.
^"Creek Freedmen" Archived 2013-08-25 at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture, Oklahoma Historical Society
CreekFreedmen is a term for emancipated Creeks of African descent who were slaves of Muscogee Creek tribal members before 1866. They were emancipated...
related to Freedmen. Black Seminoles Choctaw freedmenCreekFreedmen Freedman's Hospital Freedmen's Aid Society Freedmen's Bureau Freedmen's Bureau bills...
US granted them full citizenship in the tribes. The Choctaw Freedmen and CreekFreedmen have similarly struggled with their respective tribes over the...
20th century, the Cherokee, Creek and Seminole nations tightened their rules for membership and at times excluded Freedmen who did not have at least one...
then known as CreekFreedmen. The US government required setting aside part of the Creek reservation land to be assigned to the freedmen. Many of the tribe...
stigma of having mixed origin, they have all been categorized as slaves or freedmen in the past. Historically, the Black Seminoles lived mostly in distinct...
the Treaty of 1866. As such, they and their descendants were listed as freedmen on the Dawes Rolls, by which they were entitled to land allotments under...
The Choctaw Freedmen are former enslaved Africans, Afro-Indigenous, and African Americans who were emancipated and granted citizenship in the Choctaw Nation...
Cherokee Freedmen controversy was a political and tribal dispute between the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma and descendants of the Cherokee Freedmen regarding...
to amend the membership roles. Many CreekFreedmen are still fighting the membership battle today against the Creek Nation, as they attempt to share in...
descendants of CreekFreedmen, and the number of Muscogee had declined there. The Muscogee gave the Tullahassee mission and community to the CreekFreedmen, and...
African Americans who may have been "Creekfreedmen", that is descendants of slaves who had been held by the Creek, gathered at Harjo's ceremonial grounds...
existing between them becomes that between employer and hired labor. The freedmen are advised to remain quietly at their present homes and work for wages...
record of the term Melungeon dates to 1813. In the minutes of the Stoney Creek Baptist Church in Scott County, Virginia, a woman stated another parishioner...
the Spanish Florida some Spanish married or had unions with Pensacola, Creek or African women, both slave and free, and their descendants created a mixed-race...
working as a schoolteacher in South Carolina, instructing both slaves and freedmen, and wrote that she "came home with the blues" because she felt lonesome...
Coahuila Languages Mexican Spanish, Afro-Seminole Creole Religion predominantly Catholic Related ethnic groups CreekFreedmen, Black Seminoles, Gullah...
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