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The mediocrity principle is the philosophical notion that "if an item is drawn at random from one of several sets or categories, it's more likely to come from the most numerous category than from any one of the less numerous categories".[1] The principle has been taken to suggest that there is nothing very unusual about the evolution of the Solar System, Earth's history, the evolution of biological complexity, human evolution, or any one nation. It is a heuristic in the vein of the Copernican principle, and is sometimes used as a philosophical statement about the place of humanity. The idea is to assume mediocrity, rather than starting with the assumption that a phenomenon is special, privileged, exceptional, or even superior.[2][3]
David Bates ascribed the mediocrity principle to Sebastian von Hoerner,[4][5] who as early as 1961 wrote the following:[6][notes 1]
Because we have no knowledge whatsoever about other civilizations, we have to rely completely on assumptions. The one basic assumption we want to make can be formulated in a general way:
Anything seemingly unique and peculiar to us is actually one out of many and is probably average.
^Kukla, A. (2009). Extraterrestrials: A Philosophical Perspective. Lexington Books. p. 20. ISBN 9780739142455. LCCN 2009032272.
^"astrobiology: principle of mediocrity". Britannica.
^"THE WORLD QUESTION CENTER 2011 — Page 12". Archived from the original on 2017-06-17. Retrieved 2011-04-25.
^Bates, D. R. (1972). "Communication with galactic civilizations". Physics Bulletin. Vol. 23, no. 1. pp. 26–29. doi:10.1088/0031-9112/23/1/013. ISSN 0031-9112.
^von Hoerner, Sebastian (1963). Cameron, A. G. W. (ed.). Interstellar Communication: The Search for Extraterrestrial Life; A Collection of Reprints and Original Contributions. New York: Benjamin. p. 272.
^Von Hoerner, Sebastian (1961). "The Search for Signals from Other Civilizations". Science. Vol. 134, no. 3493. pp. 1839–1843. ISSN 0036-8075. JSTOR 1707703.
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