Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon I and Coronation of the Empress Joséphine in the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris on December 2, 1804 by Jacques-Louis David (completed in 1808)
Date
December 2, 1804 (11 Frimaire XIII)
Location
Notre-Dame de Paris, Paris
Participants
Napoleon, Joséphine and others
The curule seat that was part of a set made for the reception of Napoleon by the corps législatif after his coronation as emperor. Made in the workshop of Jacob-Desmalter and designed by Bernard Poyet, 1805
Napoleon and Joséphine were crowned Emperor and Empress of the French on Sunday, December 2, 1804 (11 Frimaire, Year XIII according to the French Republican calendar), at Notre-Dame de Paris in Paris. It marked "the instantiation of [the] modern empire" and was a "transparently masterminded piece of modern propaganda".[1]
Napoleon wanted to establish the legitimacy of his imperial reign with its new dynasty and nobility. To this end, he designed a new coronation ceremony unlike that for the kings of France, which had emphasised the king's consecration (sacre) and anointment and was conferred by the archbishop of Reims in Reims Cathedral.[2] Napoleon's was a sacred ceremony held in the great cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris in the presence of Pope Pius VII. Napoleon brought together various rites and customs, incorporating ceremonies of Carolingian tradition, the Ancien Régime and the French Revolution, all presented in sumptuous luxury.[3]
On May 18, 1804, the Sénat conservateur vested the Republican government of the French First Republic in an emperor, and preparations for a coronation followed. Napoleon's elevation to emperor was overwhelmingly approved by the French citizens in the French constitutional referendum of 1804. Among Napoleon's motivations for being crowned were to gain prestige in international royalist and Catholic circles and to lay the foundation for a future dynasty.[2]: 243
^Porterfield, Todd Burke; Siegfried, Susan L. (2006). Staging empire: Napoleon, Ingres, and David. Penn State Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-0-271-02858-3. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
^ abEnglund, Steven (April 30, 2005). Napoleon: A Political Life. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01803-7. Retrieved December 1, 2011.
^Dwyer 2015
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