Paired bone, part of the shoulder in some vertebrates
Diagram of skeletal structure and musculature of a bird's wing
A coracoid (from Greek κόραξ, koraks, raven[1]) is a paired bone which is part of the shoulder assembly in all vertebrates except therian mammals (marsupials and placentals). In therian mammals (including humans), a coracoid process is present as part of the scapula, but this is not homologous with the coracoid bone of most other vertebrates.[2]
In other tetrapods, it joins the scapula to the front end of the sternum and has a notch on the dorsal surface which, along with a similar notch on the ventral surface of the scapula, forms the socket in which the proximal end of the humerus (upper arm bone) is located. The acrocoracoid process is an expansion adjacent to this contact surface, to which the shoulderward end of the biceps brachii muscle attaches in these animals. In birds (and generally theropods and related animals), the entire unit is rigid and called scapulocoracoid. This plays a major role in bird flight. In other dinosaurs, the main bones of the pectoral girdle were the scapula (shoulder blade) and the coracoid, both of which directly articulated with the clavicle.[3]
In fish, it provides the base for the pectoral fin.[4]
Monotremes, as well as the extinct therapsids, possess both the coracoid bone of reptiles (aka the procoracoid, or anterior coracoid), and the coracoid process of other mammals, with the latter being present as a separate bone.[2]
^Liddell, Scott, Jones Ancient Greek Lexicon (LSJ)
^ abRomer, Alfred Sherwood; Parsons, Thomas S. (1977). The Vertebrate Body. Philadelphia, PA: Holt-Saunders International. pp. 186–187. ISBN 0-03-910284-X.
^Martin, A.J. (2006). Introduction to the Study of Dinosaurs. Second Edition. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing. pg. 299-300. ISBN 1-4051-3413-5.
A coracoid (from Greek κόραξ, koraks, raven) is a paired bone which is part of the shoulder assembly in all vertebrates except therian mammals (marsupials...
The coracoid process (from Greek κόραξ, raven) is a small hook-like structure on the lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula (hence:...
sometimes called the coracoid tuber or biceps tuber. The coracoid tubercle is a prominent area on the anterior surface of the coracoid, just ventral to the...
muscles include the biceps, triceps, and deltoid muscles and attach to the coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, infraglenoid tubercle...
Coracoid tuberosity may refer to: coracoid process of the scapula conoid tubercle of the clavicle This disambiguation page lists articles associated with...
head and the long head, distinguished according to their origin at the coracoid process and supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, respectively. From its...
acromia) is a bony process on the scapula (shoulder blade). Together with the coracoid process, it extends laterally over the shoulder joint. The acromion is...
major in the human body. It arises from ribs III-V; it inserts onto the coracoid process of the scapula. It is innervated by the medial pectoral nerve....
located within the anterior compartment of the arm. It originates from the coracoid process of the scapula; it inserts onto the middle of the medial aspect...
The coracoacromial ligament is a strong triangular ligament between the coracoid process and the acromion. It protects the head of the humerus. Its acromial...
runs from the coracoid process to the acromion. The coracoacromial ligament is a strong triangular band, extending between the coracoid process and the...
of the brachial plexus. Insertion into coracoid process instead of clavicle or into both clavicle and coracoid process. Sternoscapular fasciculus to the...
connects the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula. The coracoclavicular ligament connects the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula. It...
line, and a slight rounded projection, the conoid tubercle (above the coracoid process). These surface features are attachment sites for muscles and ligaments...
via this triangle, as they are deep to it. Palpation of coracoid process of scapula The coracoid process of the scapula is not subcutaneous; It is covered...
thick and dense, and is attached to the coracoid process. The portion extending from the first rib to the coracoid process is often whiter and denser than...
consisted of cranium, pelvis, coracoid, ulna, radius, and tarsometatarsus found in Mare aux Songes. Only the coracoid and the tarsometatarsus are left...
synsacrum and hindlimb interclavicular air sac sternum, sternal ribs, coracoid, clavicle, scapula, and forelimb anterior and posterior thoracic air sacs...
the right femur (thigh bone), the right ilium (a hip bone), the right coracoid (a shoulder bone), the sacrum (fused vertebrae of the hip), the last seven...
Storrs L. Olson tentatively referred that coracoid to the North American genus Tonsala, of which the coracoid was then badly known, based on similarities...
It is the location through which the cephalic vein passes and where the coracoid process is most easily palpable. Deltopectoral triangle Superficial muscles...
tibiotarsus remains of small, possibly basal Passeriformes. A partial coracoid of a probable Muscicapoidea, possibly Turdidae; distal tibiotarsus and...
three bones in the shoulder, it consists of the clavicle, scapula, and coracoid. Some mammalian species (such as the dog and the horse) have only the scapula...
doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2010.12.007. Federico L. Agnolin (2010). "An avian coracoid from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina". Stvdia Geologica Salmanticensia...
articulation surface for the humerus, while ventrally there was a large, flat coracoid plate turning in toward the midline. The pelvic girdle also was much larger...
shoulder girdle in turtles is made up of two bones, the scapula and the coracoid. Both the shoulder and pelvic girdles of turtles are located within the...
which probably be due to their low preservation potential.: 49 coracoid The coracoid is a paired bone of the pectoral girdle that is attached to the...
ribs, near their costal cartilages medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula pectoral branch of thoracoacromial artery medial pectoral...
is called the Latarjet surgery. The procedure involves transfer of the coracoid with its attached muscles to the deficient area over the front of the glenoid...
peculiarity was that the breastbone connections of the coracoids often were asymmetrical, with one coracoid attached in front of the other. In advanced species...
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