In the life sciences, a contract research organization (CRO) is a company that provides support to the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device industries in the form of research services outsourced on a contract basis. A CRO may provide such services as biopharmaceutical development, biological assay development, commercialization, clinical development, clinical trials management, pharmacovigilance, outcomes research, and real world evidence.[1]
CROs are designed to reduce costs for companies developing new medicines and drugs in niche markets. They aim to simplify entry into drug markets, and simplify development, as the need for large pharmaceutical companies to do everything ‘in house’ is now redundant. CROs also support foundations, research institutions, and universities, in addition to governmental organizations (such as the NIH, EMA, etc.).[2]
Many CROs specifically provide clinical-study and clinical-trial support for drugs and/or medical devices.[3][4] However, the sponsor of the trial retains responsibility for the quality of the CRO's work.[5] CROs range from large, international full-service organizations to small, niche specialty groups. CROs that specialize in clinical-trials services can offer their clients the expertise of moving a new drug or device from its conception to FDA/EMA marketing approval,[6] without the drug sponsor having to maintain a staff for these services.[7]
Organizations who have had success in working with a particular CRO in a particular context (e.g. therapeutic area) might be tempted or encouraged to expand their engagement with that CRO into other, unrelated areas; however, caution is required as CROs are always seeking to expand their experience and success in one area cannot reliably predict success in unrelated areas that might be new to the organization.[5]
^Nick Lucas (2021-04-09). "Contract Research Organizations: Key Partners In The Drug Development Journey". Forbes.com. Retrieved 2022-01-22.
^"The CRO Market", Association of Clinical Research Organizations.
^"The CRO Market" Archived 2013-07-03 at the Wayback Machine, Association of Clinical Research Organizations.
^"Contract Research Organization". Activa CRO.
^ abSather, Sandra; Lawyer, Jennifer (30 June 2022). "CRO Oversight Essentials". Clinical Leader (Guest column). Pennsylvania, United States: VertMarkets. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
^Fanelli, Alex (2017). "Contract Research Organizations (CRO)". Retrieved 13 December 2017.
^"Bio-Definitions", Biotech Media. Archived 2009-01-01 at the Wayback Machine
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