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Industry funding of academic research in the United States is one of the two major sources of research funding in academia along with government support. Currently, private funding of research accounts for the majority of all research and development funding in the United States as of 2007 overall.[1] Overall, Federal and Industrial sources contribute similar amounts to research, while industry funds the vast majority of development work.[1]
While the majority of industry research is performed in-house, a major portion of this private research funding is directed to research in non-profit academic centers.[2] As of 1999, industrial sources accounted for an estimated $2.2 billion of academic research funding in the US.[2] However, there is little governmental oversight or tracking of industry funding on academic science and figures of the scale of industry research are often estimated by self-reporting and surveys which can be somewhat unreliable.
Much of this industry funding of academic research is directed toward applied research. However, by some accounts, industry may even fund up to 40% of basic research in the United States, with Federal funding of basic research falling below 50%, although this figure does not consider where this research is conducted.[3] The role for funding of academic research from industrial sources has received much attention both in a historical and contemporary perspective.[4] The practice has received both extensive political praise and scholarly criticism.[citation needed]
^ abFederal Support for Research and Development. Congressional Budget Office (Report). June 2007.
^ abMcGeary, Michael; Hanna, Kathi E., eds. (2004). "Sources of Funding for Biomedical Research". Strategies to Leverage Research Funding. National Academies Press (US). pp. 37–54. ISBN 978-0-309-09277-7.
^Mervis, Jeffrey (2017). "Data check: U.S. Government share of basic research funding falls below 50%". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aal0890.
^Chopra, S. S (2003). "Industry Funding of Clinical Trials: Benefit or Bias?". JAMA. 290 (1): 113–4. doi:10.1001/jama.290.1.113. PMID 12837722.
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